2. Mass Transfer in the Environment

Try these first

1. 1.

   What does NAPL stand for?

   Hint

   Think about what type of liquid does not mix with water.

2. 2.

   Give an example of a D-NAPL.

   Hint

   Consider the liquids that sink in water.

3. 3.

   What does NAPL stand for?

   • Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid
   • Natural Aqueous Phase Liquid
   • Non-Applicable Phase Liquid

   Hint

   Think about the chemical nature of liquids.

4. 4.

   True or False: L-NAPLs sink in water.

   • True
   • False

   Hint

   Recall what makes an L-NAPL different from D-NAPL.

5. 5.

   Given a D-NAPL spill in sediment, formulate a quantitative model to estimate how long it will take for the concentration at the sediment interface to reach half of its initial value.

   Hint

   Think about how factors like flow rate and sediment grain size will impact mass transfer rates.

6. 6.

   Discuss the historical liability aspect of sediments contaminated decades ago, considering legal and environmental perspectives.

   Hint

   Consider how long-term contaminants affect modern environmental laws.