19. Non-Uniform Flow and Hydraulic Jump
The chapter delves into the concepts of gradually varied flow and hydraulic jumps in open channel flow, highlighting the key assumptions and differential equations that define such flows. It categorizes flow profiles based on conditions like normal depth and critical depth, discussing the implications on flow behavior. Additionally, the section covers various channel types and their characteristics under different slopes.
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Sections
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What we have learnt
- Gradually varied flow occurs when flow depth changes gradually over a substantial length of a channel.
- The classification of flow profiles (mild slope, steep slope, and critical slope) is based on the relationship between normal depth and critical depth.
- Hydraulic jumps can occur under specific flow conditions, and various parameters influence the flow stability and channel classification.
Key Concepts
- -- Gradually Varied Flow
- A type of flow in a channel where the depth changes gradually over a long distance, with specific governing equations and assumptions.
- -- Normal Depth
- The depth of flow in a channel under steady uniform flow conditions defined by uniform flow equations.
- -- Critical Depth
- The depth at which the flow transitions between subcritical and supercritical states, determined by the flow rate and channel properties.
- -- Froude Number
- A dimensionless number that indicates the type of flow, dependent on the flow velocity and gravitational forces.
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