1. DRAWING BASICS

The art of representing technical structures with the aid of drawing instruments on paper is known as working drawing. A working drawing if properly drawn can convey the details such as shape, size, materials used, location, placing and planning of different services; in short, it conveys the whole form of the structure on the paper before the materialization of the structure. So these drawings are the most prior thing in any civil engineering project.

Working drawings are essential documents used in civil engineering to represent technical structures. They are created with specific drawing instruments and provide detailed information about the structure. This includes aspects like the shape, size, materials, and layout of services. Properly prepared working drawings act as a blueprint for construction, ensuring that everyone involved understands what needs to be built before any physical work begins.

Imagine you're creating a recipe for a complicated dish. The recipe outlines each ingredient and step required to prepare it. Similarly, a working drawing acts as a recipe for constructing buildings, detailing everything from materials to spatial arrangements, ensuring that architects and builders follow a clear guideline.

The building drawing office practices followed are based on certain basic principles as laid down by ISI. These principles are called 'Code of Practice' and the guidelines for engineering drawing are as per IS: 962-'Code of Practice for Architectural and Building drawings' and IS: 10711. They include size of papers, layout of drawings, conventional representations, sizes of letters and numerals on drawings, graphical symbols and abbreviations.

To ensure consistency and clarity in engineering drawings, specific codes of practice are followed, as set by the Indian Standards Institute (ISI). These codes establish rules regarding the sizes of drawing sheets, the format and layout of the drawings, the symbols to be used for various materials, and the standard dimensions for letters and numbers. Adhering to these guidelines helps maintain quality and understanding across various projects.

Think of these guidelines like the rules of a game. Just as a game needs rules to ensure everyone plays in the same way, engineering drawings require standards to ensure that everyone interprets and uses the information correctly. Without these rules, there could be confusion and mistakes in designs.

An engineering drawing traditionally is prepared using drawing instruments, but the accuracy of this drawing is dependent on the individual skill of the person drawing them. The modifications and repetition work of this drawing are cumbersome and time consuming. Hence the popular alternative for manual preparation of engineering drawing is the Computer Aided Design and Drafting System.

Traditionally, engineering drawings rely on manual skills and drawing instruments, which require a high level of precision. Any errors or needed modifications can be labor-intensive and time-consuming to fix. As a solution, Computer Aided Design (CAD) systems have gained popularity. These digital tools streamline the drawing process, allowing for quick modifications and more precise output, ultimately saving time and improving accuracy.

Imagine drawing a detailed picture by hand, where a single mistake means starting over. Now, think of using digital tools to create that picture, where you can easily erase and adjust parts without affecting the whole. CAD systems for engineering drawings serve this purpose, making design processes more efficient.

Drawing sheets are cut from rolls and are made into different sizes so that each size can be worked upon. The table below gives the standard size of drawing sheets.

Sl.No. Size Designation | Trimmed size of the drawing sheet in mm

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