6.3. BUILDING PLANNING AND DRAWING

To understand about principles of building planning and building bye laws

Plan of a building is the assembling or grouping of arranging of its component parts in a systematic manner and proper order so as to form a meaningful wholesome and homogeneous body.

Planning of the building depends on its;

1. Its functional object and requirements.
2. Its components parts, their sizes and the relationship between the different rooms.
3. Shape of the plot and topography.
4. Climatic conditions of the place.
5. Its location and neighborhood.
6. Type of the buildings like single storied/ multi storied or detached/ semi-detached/ row houses.

This chunk discusses the principles of building planning, explaining that a building's plan is essentially how its different parts are organized to create a cohesive structure. The key factors that influence this planning include the building's purpose, the size and layout of its components, the shape of the land it's built on, the local climate, its surroundings, and the type of building being constructed. For example, a residential house will be planned differently from a commercial building due to these varying requirements.

Think of planning a house like arranging a room full of furniture. Just as you would consider the purpose of each piece and how it fits with the others (e.g., a couch near a TV), building planning requires careful thought about how different rooms relate to one another and to the overall purpose of the building.

The factors or principles which govern the theory of planning are aspects, Prospect, Privacy, Furniture requirements, Grouping, Circulation, Sanitation, Flexibility, Elegance, Economy, Practical Examination.

This chunk introduces various principles that guide building planning. These include:

• Prospect: The views available from different parts of the building.
• Privacy: Ensuring that private areas are shielded from public view.
• Furniture Requirements: Considering how much space is needed for furniture.
• Grouping: How different spaces can work together effectively.
• Circulation: The way people move through the building.
• Sanitation: Making sure that there are proper facilities for cleanliness.
• Flexibility: Designing spaces that can adapt to changing needs.
• Elegance: Aesthetics of the building.
• Economy: Cost-effectiveness in building materials and design.
• Practical Examination: The feasibility and practicality of the design in real-life scenarios.

Imagine designing a school. You want classrooms (grouping) to be accessible from hallways (circulation), while also ensuring that there are areas for students to relax (privacy and prospect). Just like putting together a puzzle, each piece must fit with others, considering the overall space and function.

NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF INDIA • Group A : Residential Buildings • Group B : Educational Buildings • Group C : Institutional Buildings • Group D : Assembly Buildings • Group E : Business Buildings • Group F : Mercantile Buildings • Group G : Industrial Buildings • Group H : Storage Buildings • Group I : Hazardous Buildings

This section outlines the classifications of buildings as per the National Building Code of India. Each group refers to different types of buildings that serve specific functions:

• Group A includes places where people live (residential buildings).
• Group B covers educational facilities like schools and colleges.
• Group C pertains to institutions such as hospitals.
• Group D is for public gathering spaces.
• Group E includes offices and shops.
• Group F pertains to stores and retail spaces.
• Group G is aimed at manufacturing and industrial facilities.
• Group H includes warehouses.
• Group I relates to buildings that may pose risks, like chemical plants.

Think of these classifications like different categories in a library: each section (like fiction, non-fiction, reference) serves a different group of people and purposes. Just as we organize books to help readers find what they need, building codes categorize buildings for effective planning and safety.

CLASSIFICATIONS OF MULTI STOREY BUILDINGS: Depending on the height, need and various other factors, multi storey buildings are classified into following.

1. Low Rise building: A low rise multi storey building has few storeys (typically less than four), with the usage of elevators and stairs for vertical circulation.
2. Mid Rise building: A Mid Rise building has number of storeys ranging from 4 to 12.
3. High Rise building: A High Rise building has number of storeys ranging from 12 to 40, with usage of lifts and stairs.
4. Skyscraper building: A tall and habitable steel building having storeys more than 40 but height less than 300m is considered as Sky Scrapper Multi storey building.
5. Super tall building: Super tall building is the steel building with its height exceeding 300m are Super tall Multi storey building.
6. Mega tall building: Super tall building is the steel building with its height exceeding 600m are Super tall Multi storey building.

This chunk describes how multi-storey buildings are classified based on their height and purpose. The classifications include:

• Low Rise: Buildings with fewer than four stories; mainly residential or small offices.
• Mid Rise: These buildings have four to twelve stories and often contain a mix of residential and commercial spaces.
• High Rise: Structures with twelve to forty stories, typically found in urban areas and requiring elevators for accessibility.
• Skyscraper: Very tall buildings with over forty stories, usually characterized by their significant height within city skylines.
• Super Tall: Buildings exceeding 300 meters in height, representing engineering feats.
• Mega Tall: The tallest category, surpassing 600 meters, showcasing the capabilities of architectural design and engineering technologies.

Imagine a stack of different colored blocks. Each color represents a type of building. Just like how you might use fewer blocks to create a small tower (low rise), you would need many blocks to make a tall skyscraper (mega tall). Each 'tower' serves different functions and shapes the environment around it.

Minimum Plot Size and Building Frontage Different types of residential Building, plot size and their frontages Types of Residential Plot size in m2 Frontage in m Detached Building Above 250 Above 12 Semi Detached Building 125-250 8-12 Row type Building 50-125 4.5-8 Note: Minimum frontage on any street 6m, for row housing it may be 5.5m

This chunk explains the minimum plot sizes and building frontages required by law. It categorizes different types of residential buildings based on their plot sizes:

• Detached buildings require a minimum plot size of over 250 square meters with a frontage greater than 12 meters.
• Semi-detached buildings need between 125 to 250 square meters with a frontage of 8 to 12 meters.
• Row type buildings must have a plot size between 50 to 125 square meters with a frontage of 4.5 to 8 meters. Additionally, a minimum frontal space of 6 meters on any street is mandated, while row housing may have a slightly reduced requirement of 5.5 meters.

Think of these requirements like a recipe for a cake. Just as you need the right amount of ingredients to bake a cake properly, builders must have the correct plot size and frontage to create buildings that fit well within a community and adhere to safety and zoning laws.

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