6. COMPUTER AIDED BUILDING PLANNING AND DRAWING (BCV305)

To understand about principles of building planning and building bye laws

Principles of Planning:

Plan of a building is the assembling or grouping of arranging of its component parts in a systematic manner and proper order so as to form a meaningful wholesome and homogeneous body.

Planning of the building depends on its; 1. Its functional object and requirements. 2. Its components parts, their sizes and the relationship between the different rooms. 3. Shape of the plot and topography. 4. Climatic conditions of the place. 5. Its location and neighborhood. 6. Type of the buildings like single storied/ multi storied or detached/ semi-detached/ row houses.

This chunk discusses the principles of building planning. Building planning involves organizing various components of a building in a specific way to ensure functionality and harmony. The planning process hinges upon multiple factors such as the functional use of the building, the dimensions of different rooms, the shape of the land (or plot) where the building is situated, the local climate, the building's location relative to neighboring structures, and the type of building (like whether it's a single-story or multi-story structure).

Think of building planning like arranging furniture in a room. You wouldn't just throw everything in randomly; instead, you would consider how each piece interacts with others, the purpose of the room, and the best way to navigate through the space. Similarly, architects and planners consider various factors to ensure the building not only serves its purpose but also feels like a cohesive space.

The factors or principles which govern the theory of planning are aspects, Prospect, Privacy, Furniture requirements, Grouping, Circulation, Sanitation, Flexibility, Elegance, Economy, Practical Examination.

This chunk lists various principles that influence building planning. These include aspects (the characteristics of the site), prospect (view), privacy (how private spaces are kept), furniture requirements, grouping of rooms for functional purposes, circulation (how people move through the spaces), sanitation (keeping spaces hygienic), flexibility (the ability to adapt spaces), elegance (aesthetics), economy (cost-effectiveness), and practical examination (testing designs). Each principle plays a crucial role in creating a functional and efficient building.

Imagine planning a large party at your house. You'd need to think about how guests will move through your space (circulation), where to place furniture for comfort (furniture requirements), and ensuring there are areas for private conversations (privacy). Similarly, architects use these principles to create buildings that are inviting and functional for everyone.

NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF INDIA • Group A : Residential Buildings • Group B : Educational Buildings • Group C : Institutional Buildings • Group D : Assembly Buildings • Group E : Business Buildings • Group F : Mercantile Buildings • Group G : Industrial Buildings • Group H : Storage Buildings • Group I : Hazardous Buildings.

This chunk introduces the National Building Code of India, which categorizes buildings into different groups. These categories include residential buildings, educational buildings, institutional buildings, assembly buildings, business buildings, mercantile buildings, industrial buildings, storage buildings, and hazardous buildings. Each group has its own set of regulations and standards that must be followed during the planning and construction processes to ensure safety and functionality.

Consider a library and a factory. While both are buildings, they serve vastly different purposes and therefore have different requirements. The library must be quiet, with study areas and shelves for books (institutional), while a factory needs open spaces for machinery and a layout conducive to production (industrial). The building code helps ensure each type of building meets specific standards tailored to its function.

CLASSIFICATIONS OF MULTI STOREY BUILDINGS: Depending on the height, need and various other factors, multi storey buildings are classified into the following.

1. Low Rise building: A low rise multi storey building has few storeys (typically less than four), with the usage of elevators and stairs for vertical circulation.
2. Mid Rise building: A Mid Rise building has number of storeys ranging from 4 to 12.
3. High Rise building: A High Rise building has number of storeys ranging from 12 to 40, with usage of lifts and stairs.
4. Skyscraper building: A tall and habitable steel building having storeys more than 40 but height less than 300m is considered as Sky Scrapper Multi storey building.
5. Super tall building: Super tall building is the steel building with its height exceeding 300m are Super tall Multi storey building.
6. Mega tall building: Super tall building is the steel building with its height exceeding 600m are Super tall Multi storey building.

This chunk provides a classification of multi-storey buildings based on their height and usage. Low rise buildings typically have fewer than four floors, while mid rise buildings have between four and twelve floors. High rise buildings range from twelve to forty floors and commonly include elevators for ease of access. Skyscrapers are even taller structures that exceed forty floors, whereas super tall buildings go above three hundred meters, and mega tall buildings exceed six hundred meters. These classifications help in understanding building regulations, design considerations, and their impact on urban environments.

Think of cities like New York or Dubai, where you can find various types of tall buildings. A small apartment building may be only two stories tall (low rise), while a building like the Burj Khalifa in Dubai (mega tall) towers over the skyline. Each type serves different purposes, like housing, offices, or even hotels, and urban planners must consider these distinctions when designing city landscapes.

Minimum Plot Size and Building Frontage Different types of residential Building, plot size and their frontages Types of Residential Plot size in m2 Frontage in m Building Detached Building Above 250 Above 12 Semi Detached Building 125-250 8-12 Row type Building 50-125 4.5-8 Note: Minimum frontage on any street 6m, for row housing it may be 5.5m

This chunk outlines the regulations regarding the minimum plot size and building frontage for various types of residential buildings. Detached buildings require a plot size of over 250 square meters and a minimum frontage of 12 meters. Semi-detached buildings need a plot size between 125 and 250 square meters with a frontage of between 8 to 12 meters, while row-type buildings require plots between 50 and 125 square meters and frontages of 4.5 to 8 meters. The regulations ensure adequate space for structures and appropriate access.

Imagine building a house on your own land. Depending on the size of the land, you can decide whether to build a single house or a row of them. The regulations are like rules that help ensure that all houses have enough space around them to ensure safety, aesthetics, and access. Just like you need enough space for your car to park outside your home, these rules help create neighborhoods that are functional and pleasant.

Minimum Front open space to be provided Width of street in front of plot in m Front open space minimum in m Up to 7.5m 1.5 7.5 to 18 3.0 18 to 30 4.5 Above 30 6.0

This chunk discusses the required minimum open space in front of residential plots based on the width of the street. If the street is up to 7.5 meters wide, a minimum of 1.5 meters of front open space is required. For streets between 7.5 and 18 meters, the required open space increases to 3.0 meters. If the street width is between 18 to 30 meters, at least 4.5 meters of open space must be provided, and for streets wider than 30 meters, the requirement is 6.0 meters. These guidelines help enhance aesthetics and accessibility.

Think of it as needing space in front of your house for cars to pass and for a nice garden to enhance beauty. Just like how parks and gardens improve the look and feel of a neighborhood, these open spaces provide breathing room between buildings, enhancing both safety and aesthetics.

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