CBSE 12 Politics in India Since Independence | 4 India’s External Relations by Pavan | Learn Smarter
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4 India’s External Relations

4 India’s External Relations

The chapter explores India's external relations, focusing on its foreign policy's evolution amidst global conflicts and internal challenges. Key historical moments, including wars with China and Pakistan, illustrate the complexities of India's diplomatic strategies, particularly its policy of non-alignment. The chapter concludes by addressing India's nuclear policy and the shifting dynamics of international relations in the contemporary era.

12 sections

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  1. 4
    India’s External Relations

    This section discusses the evolution of India's foreign policy, particularly...

  2. 4.1
    International Context

    This section emphasizes India’s initial international challenges and foreign...

  3. 4.2
    The Policy Of Non-Alignment

    The policy of non-alignment influenced India’s foreign relations, allowing...

  4. 4.2.1
    Nehru’s Role

    Jawaharlal Nehru played a pivotal role in shaping India's foreign policy...

  5. 4.2.2
    Distance From Two Camps

    This section explores India's foreign policy during the Cold War,...

  6. 4.2.3
    Afro-Asian Unity

    This section explores India's role in fostering Afro-Asian unity and its...

  7. 4.3
    Peace And Conflict With China

    This section discusses India's evolving relationship with China, focusing on...

  8. 4.3.1

    The section discusses the historical tensions between India and China over...

  9. 4.3.2
    The Chinese Invasion, 1962

    This section discusses the strained Sino-Indian relations leading up to the...

  10. 4.4
    Wars And Peace With Pakistan

    The section addresses the key conflicts and diplomatic efforts between India...

  11. 4.4.1
    Bangladesh War, 1971

    The section discusses the 1971 Bangladesh war, exploring the internal...

  12. 4.5
    India’s Nuclear Policy

    This section discusses the evolution of India's nuclear policy in the...

What we have learnt

  • India's foreign policy was shaped significantly by its non-alignment stance during the Cold War.
  • The relationship with neighboring countries, particularly China and Pakistan, was influenced by historical conflicts and geopolitical strategies.
  • Nehru played a pivotal role in defining India’s foreign relations, advocating for peace and development while managing international tensions.

Key Concepts

-- NonAlignment
A foreign policy approach whereby a nation maintains its independence from major power blocs, particularly during the Cold War.
-- Panchsheel
The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence guiding India's relationship with other nations, emphasizing mutual respect and non-interference.
-- Nuclear Policy
India's strategy regarding nuclear weapons and energy, emphasizing peaceful use while maintaining a credible defense capability.
-- Bangladesh War
The 1971 conflict resulting from East Pakistan's struggle for independence, which India supported, leading to the creation of Bangladesh.
-- AfroAsian Conference
A 1955 conference in Bandung advocating solidarity among newly independent nations and leading to the establishment of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM).

Additional Learning Materials

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