CBSE 12 Politics in India Since Independence | 4 India’s External Relations by Pavan | Learn Smarter
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4 India’s External Relations

The chapter explores India's external relations, focusing on its foreign policy's evolution amidst global conflicts and internal challenges. Key historical moments, including wars with China and Pakistan, illustrate the complexities of India's diplomatic strategies, particularly its policy of non-alignment. The chapter concludes by addressing India's nuclear policy and the shifting dynamics of international relations in the contemporary era.

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Sections

  • 4

    India’s External Relations

    This section discusses the evolution of India's foreign policy, particularly its non-alignment strategy and its relationships with neighboring countries.

    Learning Practice

  • 4.1

    International Context

    This section emphasizes India’s initial international challenges and foreign policy, particularly the non-alignment stance amid the geopolitical tensions of the Cold War.

    Learning Practice

  • 4.2

    The Policy Of Non-Alignment

    The policy of non-alignment influenced India’s foreign relations, allowing it to navigate complex global tensions during the Cold War while maintaining independence.

    Learning Practice

  • 4.2.1

    Nehru’s Role

    Jawaharlal Nehru played a pivotal role in shaping India's foreign policy through the strategy of non-alignment, focusing on sovereignty, territorial integrity, and economic development during a challenging international period.

    Learning Practice

  • 4.2.2

    Distance From Two Camps

    This section explores India's foreign policy during the Cold War, highlighting the policy of non-alignment and its relationship with two major global blocs.

    Learning Practice

  • 4.2.3

    Afro-Asian Unity

    This section explores India's role in fostering Afro-Asian unity and its approach to foreign policy during the Cold War era, particularly through the Non-Aligned Movement.

    Learning Practice

  • 4.3

    Peace And Conflict With China

    This section discusses India's evolving relationship with China, focusing on the initial friendliness, ensuing conflicts, key events, and the historical significance of these interactions.

    Learning Practice

  • 4.3.1

    Tibet

    The section discusses the historical tensions between India and China over Tibet, detailing the events leading to Chinese control and the subsequent impacts on India-China relations.

    Learning Practice

  • 4.3.2

    The Chinese Invasion, 1962

    This section discusses the strained Sino-Indian relations leading up to the 1962 war, the events of the war, and its effects on India's political landscape.

    Learning Practice

  • 4.4

    Wars And Peace With Pakistan

    The section addresses the key conflicts and diplomatic efforts between India and Pakistan post-Independence, highlighting the Kashmir dispute and various wars, including the 1965 and 1971 conflicts.

    Learning Practice

  • 4.4.1

    Bangladesh War, 1971

    The section discusses the 1971 Bangladesh war, exploring the internal political crisis in Pakistan and its implications for India.

    Learning Practice

  • 4.5

    India’s Nuclear Policy

    This section discusses the evolution of India's nuclear policy in the context of its foreign relations and security strategy post-Independence.

    Learning Practice

References

NCERT Study Material

Class Notes

Memorization

What we have learnt

  • India's foreign policy was ...
  • The relationship with neigh...
  • Nehru played a pivotal role...

Final Test

Revision Tests