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The chapter discusses the impact of social change and development in India's industrial society, highlighting how industrialization has affected social relations, job structures, and economic inequality. It contrasts the Indian experience with those of developed nations, particularly regarding employment patterns, the organized vs. unorganized sectors, and the influence of globalization and liberalization on labor conditions. It emphasizes the complexity of work experiences in different sectors and the ongoing challenges faced by workers in terms of wages, job security, and working conditions.
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NCERT Study MaterialClass Notes
Memorization
What we have learnt
- Industrialization in India ...
- The organized sector in Ind...
- Liberalization and globaliz...
Final Test
Revision Tests
What we have learnt
- Industrialization in India is marked by a significant share of employment in agriculture, despite increasing contributions from the service sector.
- The organized sector in India is small, limiting workers' access to job security, benefits, and the ability to unionize.
- Liberalization and globalization have transformed job markets, leading to more insecure employment and changes in workers' rights and benefits.
Key Concepts
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Term: Alienation
Definition: A condition in which workers feel disconnected from the products of their labor and the work process itself, often due to repetitive tasks in industrial settings.
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Term: Informal Sector
Definition: A segment of the economy that operates outside of government regulation, characterized by self-employment and lack of job security.
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Term: Liberalization
Definition: Economic policy aimed at increasing free-market activity by removing government restrictions, promoting private sector growth, and attracting foreign investment.
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Term: Globalization
Definition: The process by which businesses develop international influence or operate on an international scale, often affecting labor practices and economic conditions.