CBSE 12 Chemistry Part 2 | 7. Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers by Pavan | Learn Smarter
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7. Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

7. Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

Alcohols, phenols, and ethers are classified based on the number of hydroxyl groups and the hybridization of carbon atoms to which they are attached. The chapter discusses their nomenclature, preparation methods, and key reactions, emphasizing their physical and chemical properties, as well as their application in daily life. Additionally, it covers the acidic nature of these compounds and how they participate in various organic reactions.

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  1. 7
    Alcohols, Phenols And Ethers

    This section covers the nomenclature, classification, preparation,...

  2. 7.1
    Classification

    Compounds are systematically classified into alcohols, phenols, and ethers,...

  3. 7.1.1
    Alcohols— Mono, Di, Tri Or Polyhydric Alcohols

    The section discusses the classification, properties, preparation, and...

  4. 7.1.2
    Phenols— Mono, Di And Trihydric Phenols

    This section covers the classification, preparation, properties, and...

  5. 7.1.3

    This section discusses ethers, describing their nomenclature, physical...

  6. 7.2
    Nomenclature

    This section covers the IUPAC nomenclature for alcohols, phenols, and...

  7. 7.2.1

    This section introduces the naming conventions for alcohols, including both...

  8. 7.2.2

    This section discusses the chemical properties, preparation methods, and...

  9. 7.2.3

    This section discusses the nomenclature of ethers, focusing on their common...

  10. 7.3
    Structures Of Functional Groups

    This section covers the nomenclature, classification, and reactions of...

  11. 7.4
    Alcohols And Phenols

    This section discusses the various methods of preparing alcohols, including...

  12. 7.4.1
    Preparation Of Alcohols

    This section covers the preparation of alcohols, phenols, and ethers,...

  13. 7.4.1.1
    From Alkenes

    This section discusses the preparation of alcohols from alkenes, detailing...

  14. 7.4.1.2
    From Carbonyl Compounds

    This section covers the preparation of alcohols from various carbonyl...

  15. 7.4.1.3
    From Grignard Reagents

    This section discusses the production of alcohols from Grignard reagents...

  16. 7.4.2
    Preparation Of Phenols

    Phenols can be prepared from various chemical precursors through several...

  17. 7.4.2.1
    From Haloarenes

    This section discusses the preparation of phenols from haloarenes and other...

  18. 7.4.2.2
    From Benzenesulphonic Acid

    This section discusses the preparation of phenols from benzenesulphonic acid...

  19. 7.4.2.3
    From Diazonium Salts

    This section discusses the preparation of phenols from diazonium salts and...

  20. 7.4.2.4

    This section discusses the conversion of cumene into phenol, highlighting...

  21. 7.4.3
    Physical Properties

    This section covers the physical properties of alcohols, phenols, and...

  22. 7.4.4
    Chemical Reactions

    This section explores the chemistry of alcohols, phenols, and ethers,...

  23. 7.4.4.1
    Reactions Involving Cleavage Of O–h Bond

    This section covers the cleavage of O–H bonds in reactions involving...

  24. 7.4.4.1.1
    Acidity Of Alcohols And Phenols

    This section discusses the acidity of alcohols and phenols, comparing their...

  25. 7.4.4.1.2
    Esterification

    Esterification is the reaction between alcohols or phenols and carboxylic...

  26. 7.4.4.2
    Reactions Involving Cleavage Of Carbon – Oxygen (C–o) Bond In Alcohols

    This section focuses on the mechanisms and significance of reactions...

  27. 7.4.4.2.1
    Reaction With Hydrogen Halides

    This section discusses the reactions of alcohols with hydrogen halides to...

  28. 7.4.4.2.2
    Reaction With Phosphorus Trihalides

    This section discusses the conversion of alcohols to alkyl halides through...

  29. 7.4.4.2.3

    This section covers the process of dehydration reactions in alcohols and...

  30. 7.4.4.2.4

    Oxidation of alcohols involves the transformation into carbon-oxygen double...

  31. 7.4.4.3
    Reactions Of Phenols

    This section discusses the reactions of phenols, emphasizing their acidity,...

  32. 7.4.4.3.1
    Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution

    Electrophilic aromatic substitution (EAS) is a key reaction type in organic...

  33. 7.4.4.3.2
    Kolbe’s Reaction

    Kolbe's reaction is an important process where the phenoxide ion reacts with...

  34. 7.4.4.3.3
    Reimer-Tiemann Reaction

    The Reimer-Tiemann reaction involves the formation of salicylaldehyde from...

  35. 7.4.4.3.4
    Reaction Of Phenol With Zinc Dust

    This section discusses the conversion of phenol to benzene when phenol is...

  36. 7.4.4.3.5

    Oxidation of phenol with chromic acid results in benzoquinone, while air...

  37. 7.5
    Some Commercially Important Alcohols

    This section discusses the significance of alcohols, phenols, and ethers in...

  38. 7.5.1

    This section provides an overview of methanol, its classification,...

  39. 7.5.2

    Ethanol, a common alcohol, has various applications and preparation methods...

  40. 7.6

    Ethers are a class of organic compounds characterized by an oxygen atom...

  41. 7.6.1
    Preparation Of Ethers

    This section details the preparation methods for ethers, alcohols, and...

  42. 7.6.2
    Physical Properties

    This section details the physical properties of ethers, including their...

  43. 7.6.3
    Chemical Reactions

    This section discusses the chemical reactions of ethers, specifically their...

  44. 7.7

    This section includes exercises to aid in understanding alcohols, phenols,...

What we have learnt

  • Alcohols, phenols, and ethers are categorized based on the number of hydroxyl groups present in their structures.
  • The IUPAC naming system is crucial for accurately identifying these compounds.
  • Alcohols are more acidic than hydrocarbons and ethers due to their hydroxyl groups, which allow for hydrogen bonding.

Key Concepts

-- Alcohol
A compound containing one or more hydroxyl (–OH) groups directly attached to carbon atoms.
-- Phenol
An aromatic compound in which a hydroxyl group is directly bonded to a benzene ring.
-- Ether
A class of compound where an oxygen atom is connected to two alkyl or aryl groups.
-- Acidity
The tendency of a compound, such as alcohols or phenols, to donate a proton (H+) to a stronger base.
-- Hydrogen Bonding
A type of intermolecular attraction that occurs when hydrogen is bonded to a highly electronegative element, such as oxygen.

Additional Learning Materials

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