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10. Creep of Concrete

Creep and shrinkage are essential time-dependent deformations affecting concrete structures, influencing their stability and serviceability. Understanding the mechanisms, types, factors affecting these phenomena, and mitigation strategies is crucial for civil engineers in structural design. The chapter covers definitions, types, and effects on structures, alongside measurements and control methods, providing insights into contemporary challenges in concrete engineering.

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Sections

  • 1

    Creep Of Concrete

    Creep of concrete is a gradual deformation under sustained load that impacts the longevity and performance of concrete structures.

    Learning Practice

  • 1.1

    Definition

    Creep is the gradual deformation of concrete under constant stress over time.

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  • 1.2

    Mechanism Of Creep

    Creep in concrete is a time-dependent deformation that occurs under sustained loading due to its viscoelastic nature.

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  • 1.3

    Types Of Creep

    The section details the various types of creep in concrete, including basic creep, drying creep, and autogenous creep, each resulting from different environmental and material conditions.

    Learning Practice

  • 1.4

    Factors Affecting Creep

    Creep in concrete is influenced by various factors such as stress level, water-cement ratio, age at loading, and environmental conditions.

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  • 1.5

    Measurement Of Creep

    Creep is measured through specific test setups that isolate deformation caused by stress over time.

    Learning Practice

  • 2

    Shrinkage Of Concrete

    Shrinkage in concrete refers to the time-dependent volume reduction occurring mainly due to moisture loss or chemical reactions, leading to potential cracking in structures.

    Learning Practice

  • 2.1

    Definition

    This section defines creep and shrinkage in concrete, highlighting their characteristics and implications for structural integrity.

    Learning Practice

  • 2.2

    Types Of Shrinkage

    This section outlines the various types of shrinkage that concrete can undergo, including plastic, drying, autogenous, and carbonation shrinkage.

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  • 2.3

    Factors Affecting Shrinkage

    This section highlights the key factors influencing the shrinkage of concrete, emphasizing how material properties and environmental conditions contribute to shrinkage behavior.

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  • 2.4

    Measurement Of Shrinkage

    This section discusses the methods for measuring shrinkage in concrete, highlighting the importance of standard test specimens and measurement techniques.

    Learning Practice

  • 3

    Effects On Concrete Structures

    Creep and shrinkage are significant time-dependent deformations in concrete that impact its structural integrity.

    Learning Practice

  • 4

    Control And Mitigation Measures

    This section covers effective strategies for controlling and mitigating creep and shrinkage in concrete structures.

    Learning Practice

  • 4.1

    For Creep

    Creep refers to the gradual deformation of concrete under constant stress over time.

    Learning Practice

  • 4.2

    For Shrinkage

    This section discusses the shrinkage of concrete, highlighting its types, influencing factors, measurement methods, and mitigation strategies.

    Learning Practice

  • 5

    Relevant Is Codes And Standards

    This section outlines essential Indian Standards (IS) codes relevant to the design and analysis of concrete structures.

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  • 6

    Mathematical Modeling Of Creep And Shrinkage

    This section covers the mathematical models used to predict creep and shrinkage of concrete, essential for effective structural design.

    Learning Practice

  • 6.1

    Creep Modeling Approaches

    This section discusses various mathematical models used to predict the long-term creep behavior of concrete in structural engineering.

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  • 6.2

    Shrinkage Prediction Models

    Shrinkage prediction models are essential for understanding how drying, environmental conditions, and concrete properties affect the long-term volume reduction in concrete.

    Learning Practice

  • 7

    Practical Examples And Case Studies

    This section explores real-world applications of concrete behavior under load, focusing on creep and shrinkage through specific examples.

    Learning Practice

  • 7.1

    Example – High-Rise Building

    Learning

  • 7.2

    Example – Bridge Segmental Construction

    Learning

  • 8

    Experimental Investigation Techniques

    This section outlines the methods used to experimentally investigate creep and shrinkage in concrete, emphasizing the significance of accurate measurement in structural engineering.

    Learning Practice

  • 8.1

    Creep Test Setup

    This section discusses the setup required for conducting a creep test on concrete specimens to assess their time-dependent deformation under sustained loads.

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  • 8.2

    Shrinkage Test Setup

    This section outlines the setup for measuring concrete shrinkage, detailing the use of sealed and unsealed specimens under controlled humidity conditions.

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  • 9

    Importance In Modern Construction Practices

    This section discusses the vital role of understanding creep and shrinkage in modern construction practices, especially in precast and high-performance concrete applications.

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  • 9.1

    Precast And Prestressed Concrete

    This section explores the implications of creep and shrinkage in precast and prestressed concrete, highlighting their effects and mitigation strategies.

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  • 9.2

    High-Performance Concrete (Hpc)

    High-Performance Concrete (HPC) is characterized by a lower water-cement ratio which results in lower permeability; however, this can lead to higher autogenous shrinkage.

    Learning Practice

  • 9.3

    Mass Concrete Structures

    This section discusses the importance of thermal shrinkage in mass concrete structures and its implications for internal cracking.

    Learning Practice

  • 10

    Current Research Trends And Innovations

    This section explores cutting-edge trends and innovations in concrete research, focusing on advancements to mitigate creep and shrinkage.

    Learning Practice

References

Chapter_10_Creep.pdf

Class Notes

Memorization

What we have learnt

  • Creep is the gradual increa...
  • Various factors affect cree...
  • Mitigation methods involve ...

Final Test

Revision Tests