5. Kruskal's Algorithm
Kruskal's algorithm is an approach for finding a minimum cost spanning tree in a weighted undirected graph by adding edges in ascending order of weight while ensuring no cycles are formed. The algorithm leverages a sorting mechanism and a union-find data structure to efficiently manage the merging of components representing tree structures. By applying a minimum separator lemma, Kruskal's algorithm guarantees an optimal solution through its method of edge selection and component merging.
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