15. Computer Fundamentals - Part D - Digital Electronics - Vol 2
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15. Computer Fundamentals - Part D

15. Computer Fundamentals - Part D

This chapter explores digital electronics concepts, focusing on memory expansion techniques, input/output ports, and various devices for data storage and communication. The use of serial and parallel ports, along with explanations of different bus architectures, sets a foundation for understanding computer hardware interactions. It concludes with an overview of input/output devices and significant advancements in storage technology.

36 sections

Sections

Navigate through the learning materials and practice exercises.

  1. 15.7
    Memory Location Expansion

    This section discusses how multiple memory chips can be combined to expand...

  2. 15.8
    Input And Output Ports

    This section focuses on input and output ports categorized as serial and...

  3. 15.8.1
    Serial Ports

    Serial ports are communication interfaces that transfer data one bit at a...

  4. 15.8.1.1
    Rs-232c Port

    The RS-232C port is a widely-used standard for serial communication,...

  5. 15.8.1.2

    FireWire is a high-speed serial bus standard used to connect devices like...

  6. 15.8.1.3
    Universal Serial Bus (Usb)

    The Universal Serial Bus (USB) was introduced in 1997 to connect various...

  7. 15.8.1.4
    Ps/2 Connector

    PS/2 connectors are used for connecting keyboards and mice to personal...

  8. 15.8.2
    Parallel Ports

    Parallel ports facilitate the transfer of multiple bits simultaneously,...

  9. 15.8.2.1

    IEEE-488 is a parallel bus standard essential for transferring data in test...

  10. 15.8.2.2
    Small Computer System Interface (Scsi)

    SCSI is a standardized interface used to connect computers with peripherals.

  11. 15.8.2.3

    IEEE 1284 is a standard for bidirectional parallel communication between...

  12. 15.8.3
    Internal Buses

    Internal buses in computers carry address, data, and control signals between...

  13. 15.8.3.1

    The local bus connects the microprocessor to key internal components like...

  14. 15.8.3.2

    The PCI Bus is a critical internal bus used for interfacing the...

  15. 15.8.3.3

    The ISA bus is an industry-standard architecture for connecting...

  16. 15.9
    Input/output Devices

    Input/output devices facilitate human-computer interaction by converting raw...

  17. 15.9.1
    Input Devices

    This section discusses various input devices that convert raw data into a...

  18. 15.9.1.1
    Keyboard Devices

    This section discusses keyboard devices, their functionality, types, and how...

  19. 15.9.1.2
    Pointing Devices

    Pointing devices facilitate user interaction with a computer by translating...

  20. 15.9.1.3
    Image And Video Input Devices

    This section discusses various image and video input devices that convert...

  21. 15.9.2
    Output Devices

    Output devices convert processed data into a user-understandable format,...

  22. 15.9.2.1

    Printers are devices that produce hard copies of documents from electronic...

  23. 15.9.2.2

    Plotters are specialized printers designed to produce high-quality graphical...

  24. 15.9.2.3

    This section discusses various types of display devices and their...

  25. 15.9.2.4
    Computer Terminals

    Computer terminals serve as both input and output devices that allow users...

  26. 15.10
    Secondary Storage Or Auxiliary Storage

    Secondary storage devices provide nonvolatile storage for data and...

  27. 15.10.1
    Magnetic Storage Devices

    Magnetic storage devices are essential for non-volatile data storage,...

  28. 15.10.1.1
    Magnetic Hard Disks

    Magnetic hard disks are nonvolatile storage devices that directly access...

  29. 15.10.1.2
    Floppy Disks

    Floppy disks are flexible, removable storage devices used for data storage,...

  30. 15.10.1.3
    Magnetic Tapes

    Magnetic tapes are sequential access secondary storage devices primarily...

  31. 15.10.2
    Magneto-Optical Storage Devices

    Magneto-optical storage devices combine magnetic and optical technologies...

  32. 15.10.3
    Optical Storage Devices

    Optical storage devices utilize laser technology to read and write data,...

  33. 15.10.3.1

    CD-ROMs are optical storage devices capable of holding up to 660MB of data,...

  34. 15.10.3.2

    WORM (Write Once Read Many) is a type of data storage where users can write...

  35. 15.10.3.3

    This section discusses Compact Disc-Recordable (CD-R) technology, focusing...

  36. 15.10.3.4

    CD-RW (Compact Disk Rewriteable) is an optical storage medium that allows...

What we have learnt

  • Memory chips can be combined to create larger memory capacities by utilizing common address inputs.
  • Input and output ports are categorized into serial and parallel types, with various standards serving different purposes in connectivity.
  • Secondary storage methods, including magnetic, optical, and magneto-optical devices, provide essential data retention capabilities.

Key Concepts

-- Memory Chip Expansion
Connecting multiple memory chips to expand the number of memory locations available for data storage.
-- Serial Ports
Communication interfaces that send data one bit at a time, commonly used for devices like keyboards and mice.
-- Parallel Ports
Communication interfaces that allow multiple bits to be sent simultaneously over several wires, used for printers and external drives.
-- Optical Storage Devices
Data storage media that use laser technology to read and write data, examples include CDs and DVDs.

Additional Learning Materials

Supplementary resources to enhance your learning experience.