19.4.1. General Design Standards

• Step width: Minimum 1000 mm (preferably 1200 mm)

The design of escalators includes a minimum step width of 1000 mm. However, it is preferred that they be designed to a width of 1200 mm. This larger width helps ensure that users have enough space to stand comfortably and reduces the risk of accidents when multiple people are using the escalator at the same time.

Think of walking side by side with a friend on a narrow sidewalk versus a wider one. On a narrow sidewalk, it's difficult to move freely and you risk bumping into each other or losing your balance. A wider sidewalk, like the preferred escalator width of 1200 mm, allows people to walk beside each other more comfortably and safely.

• Inclination: Typically 30 degrees, never more than 35 degrees

The inclination of escalators is typically set at 30 degrees, which provides a good balance between usability and safety. The angle should never exceed 35 degrees to prevent difficulty for users, particularly those who may struggle with balance or mobility. A gentler slope makes it easier for everyone, especially the elderly or those with physical challenges, to use the escalators without fear of slipping or falling.

Imagine riding a bike up a hill. If the hill is too steep, it becomes difficult and exhausting to pedal. But a gently sloping hill allows for an easier ride. Similarly, a less steep escalator is easier for people to use, making it safer and more comfortable.

• Speed: Not more than 0.5 m/s

The design standards set the speed of escalators to not exceed 0.5 meters per second. This slower speed is crucial for safety, allowing users sufficient time to enter or exit the escalator without feeling rushed. It also helps in maintaining balance while using the escalator, especially for those who may have mobility difficulties.

Consider a conveyor belt at an airport. If the belt moves too fast, it can be hard for passengers to step on or off safely. By keeping the speed manageable, everyone has time to get on and off without rushing, creating a smoother travel experience.

• Step riser height: Uniform, max 220 mm

The height of each step, referred to as the riser height, must be uniform and cannot exceed 220 mm. Uniform step heights are important because they allow users to predict the height of each step as they ascend or descend. This consistency reduces the risk of tripping, especially for individuals who may have vision impairments or difficulty with balance.

Think about walking up a staircase with uneven steps: if one step is much higher than the others, it can easily throw you off balance. Just like a staircase, escalators must have uniform step heights, so users can walk safely and confidently.

• Must include handrails on both sides, moving in sync with steps

Escalators are required to have handrails on both sides that move in sync with the escalator steps. This feature provides users with a stable support system as they step onto or off the escalator, helping to prevent accidents. The synchronized movement of the handrails helps users maintain their balance, enhancing overall safety, especially for those who may need extra support.

Imagine holding onto a moving sidewalk at the airport. If you let go, you might feel unsteady, but holding onto the handrail gives you assurance and stability. Similarly, handrails on escalators provide that necessary support for users.

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