1.2. Dynamic Pressures

And they talk about they have come with the understanding of this framework is called a pressure and release model. So we have the root causes as I discussed with you, that the limited access to the power, structures, resources. Ideologies where the political ideology, the systems, political systems and economic systems and how these root causes can actually create certain add-on to the dynamic pressures.

The pressure and release model helps us understand the interplay between root causes and dynamic pressures affecting societies. Root causes include limited access to resources, power structures, and various ideologies, such as political and economic systems. These factors contribute to the vulnerability of communities by limiting their ability to respond effectively to hazards, thus increasing the dynamic pressures they face.

Think of a balloon filled with air (representing a society). If there are small holes (root causes) on the surface, the pressure inside can build up, and eventually, the balloon can burst (a disaster). The more holes there are, the less able the balloon (society) is to maintain its integrity.

For example, when we have the institutional lack of institutional training, appropriate skills, local investments, even how the markets will also create some kind of everyday issues. And the press freedom you know like if you take the example of North Korea you know how what is happening in North Korea may not be known to the whole world you know how to communicate with this, the press freedom, ethical standards in public life and these are more of the everyday processes.

Various everyday issues, such as lack of training and skills, insufficient local investment, and limited press freedom, exacerbate dynamic pressures. These factors prevent communities from effectively preparing for and responding to crises. For instance, in countries with restricted press freedoms, essential information may not flow freely, making it harder for the public to respond to potential hazards.

Imagine a chef (community) trying to prepare a meal without a recipe (knowledge) or the right tools (resources). Without these, not only will the meal be subpar, but it could also lead to food safety issues (disasters) for those consuming it.

The other aspects are the macro-forces, the demographic change you know the rapid population change, rapid urbanisations and the amputation expenditure, the debt repayment because we have been taking lot of loans from world bank and other things. So how we are able to, how this particular debt is increasing, and it is adding to the burden of the citizen's lives and their livelihoods.

Macro-forces such as rapid demographic changes and urbanization contribute significantly to dynamic pressures. These changes can lead to increased debt burdens, particularly when governments take loans for development without adequate planning for repayment. This accumulation of debt can place a heavy financial strain on citizens, compromising their livelihoods and increasing vulnerability to disasters.

Consider a family that keeps borrowing money without a plan to pay it back. Eventually, the debts pile up (like macro-forces) and result in stress and inability to afford essential needs, making them more vulnerable when unexpected expenses arise.

Deforestation because of the industrial and expansions, physical expansion of cities, and how the deforestation is in turn affecting the climate change and which is again relating to the DRR.

As cities expand physically, they often lead to deforestation, which adversely affects the climate. This environmental degradation is closely related to disaster risk reduction (DRR) because it can create conditions that heighten vulnerability to natural hazards, such as floods or landslides.

Think about a sponge (the forest) that absorbs water. If you start cutting the sponge away, it can't hold as much water (representing heavy rains) anymore, leading to flooding (a disaster) in the area.

Livelihoods at risk and the low-income levels like today we are looking case of Venezuela, how the situation, the financial situations have been you know disrupting the whole community in a global level, and it is also relating how even on one side when the economy falls down how it have impact on the whole society as a whole.

Low-income levels and deteriorating economic conditions can jeopardize livelihoods. In Venezuela, for instance, economic collapse has not only diminished individual incomes but has also disrupted entire communities. Such economic downturns create conditions that increase societal vulnerability to disasters.

Imagine a town that relies on a single factory for jobs. If that factory shuts down unexpectedly, everyone in the town (the community) is affected financially, making them less able to cope with any additional shocks (disasters), like natural disasters.

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