1.5. Livelihoods at Risk

And they talk about they have come with the understanding of this framework is called a pressure and release model. So we have the root causes as I discussed with you, that the limited access to the power, structures, resources. Ideologies where the political ideology, the systems, political systems and economic systems and how these root causes can actually create certain add-on to the dynamic pressures.

This chunk introduces the concept of a 'pressure and release model' as a framework for understanding how root causes contribute to pressures that lead to risk. Root causes like limited access to power, resources, and ideologies affect the capacity of communities to withstand or respond effectively to hazards. They create an environment of vulnerability, making livelihoods more at risk.

Imagine a small community that relies completely on a single source of water for agriculture. If the government prioritizes industrial development over proper water access, the community's livelihoods, based on farming, will be at risk, showcasing how political actions (or lack thereof) directly impact local livelihoods.

For example, when we have the institutional lack of institutional training, appropriate skills, local investments, even how the markets will also create some kind of everyday issues.

This chunk highlights specific examples of dynamic pressures that exacerbate risks to livelihoods. It mentions issues such as lack of training, insufficient skills, and limited local investment, which can hinder economic growth and stability. These pressures contribute to an environment where individuals are more susceptible to disasters, having fewer resources to recover.

Think of a town where most people work in agriculture but have not received proper training on modern farming techniques. This lack of knowledge leads to reduced crop yields and income, creating economic pressures that leave the community vulnerable to disasters like drought or flood.

The other aspects are the macro-forces, the demographic change you know the rapid population change, rapid urbanisations and the amputation expenditure, the debt repayment because we have been taking lots of loans from world bank and other things.

This part discusses broader socioeconomic factors, known as macro-forces, like population growth and urbanization that can increase vulnerability. It includes mention of debt repayments which further limit economic resources individuals and communities have available to respond to disasters, ultimately adding strain on their livelihoods.

Consider a city experiencing rapid urbanization where many rural families migrate to find jobs in the city. The sudden influx of people can lead to inadequate housing and increased competition for jobs, while existing debt hinders the local government's ability to provide necessary services, putting everyone at risk.

Deforestation because of the industrial and expansions, physical expansion of cities, and how the deforestation is in turn affecting the climate change and which is again relating to the DRR.

This chunk explains the link between environmental degradation, particularly deforestation, and its broader implications like climate change. As urban areas expand and industries develop, natural resources are depleted, resulting in climate-related issues that further threaten livelihoods and increase disaster risk.

In many tropical regions, cutting down forests for agriculture and urban development leads to increased flooding and soil erosion. When heavy rains occur, communities are more likely to experience mudslides and crop failures, directly threatening their means of survival.

Low-income levels like today we are looking at the case of Venezuela, how the situation, the financial situations have been you know disrupting the whole community in a global level.

The text emphasizes the impact of low-income levels on community dynamics and resilience. Using Venezuela as an example, it shows how a failing economy can disrupt livelihoods significantly at both local and global scales, creating a widespread crisis affecting community well-being.

Think of a once-thriving village that now struggles economically due to external debts and poor governance, similar to Venezuela. With rising unemployment and inflation, families face daily challenges to secure food, shelter, and healthcare, resulting in increased vulnerability to any further disasters.

This is where the preparedness because majority of the political institutions they do not rely on, they do not fund for the preparedness program.

In this chunk, the focus is on the lack of institutional support for disaster preparedness programs. The text discusses how funding often prioritizes recovery over prevention, leaving communities unprepared for disasters, which can amplify the risks faced by vulnerable populations.

Imagine a community that relies on external aid after a flood but receives little support in building levees or establishing early warning systems. This community becomes a repeat victim of flooding instead of becoming resilient, highlighting the importance of proactive rather than reactive measures.

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