3.1. Scope and Purpose

And they talk about they have come with the understanding of this framework is called a pressure and release model. So we have the root causes as I discussed with you, that the limited access to the power, structures, resources. Ideologies where the political ideology, the systems, political systems and economic systems and how these root causes can actually create certain add-on to the dynamic pressures.

The 'pressure and release model' explains how certain root causes—like limited access to resources and weak political and economic systems—create underlying pressures that can lead to disasters. These pressures build up over time and can be released suddenly in the form of disasters. Understanding this model helps us identify how to reduce these pressures to prevent such disasters from occurring.

Think of a pressure cooker. When you cook food in it without allowing steam to escape, pressure builds up until it either causes the lid to blow off or the contents spill out. In society, when pressures from lack of resources and poor governance build without being released, they can lead to crises, similar to how that pressure cooker can explode.

For example, when we have the institutional lack of institutional training, appropriate skills, local investments, even how the markets will also create some kind of everyday issues. And the press freedom you know like if you take the example of North Korea you know how what is happening in North Korea may not be known to the whole world you know how to communicate with this, the press freedom, ethical standards in public life and these are more of the everyday processes.

Macro-forces like rapid population changes, urbanization, and market dynamics can create everyday issues for communities. A lack of training or investment at the local level can lead to vulnerabilities that make communities less resilient. Additionally, how freely the press operates affects public awareness about these issues, impacting people's understanding and action.

Imagine a neighborhood where the residents don't have the right skills or opportunities to improve their lives. If an industry is nearby but doesn't provide jobs or training, people might struggle economically. Meanwhile, without a free press, they might not even realize how to advocate for changes or improvements.

The other aspects are the macro-forces, the demographic change you know the rapid population change, rapid urbanisations and the amputation expenditure, the debt repayment because we have been taking a lot of loans from the world bank and other things. So how we are able to, how this particular debt is increasing, and it is adding to the burden of the citizen's lives and their livelihoods.

Heavy debt from international loans, along with demographic pressures such as population growth and rapid urbanization, adds a significant burden on citizens. As communities struggle to repay this debt, their livelihoods are at risk, which can lead to deeper societal issues.

Think about a family that takes out loans to buy a home but then faces unexpected medical bills. As they tighten their budget to pay back the loans, they might skip spending on things like education for their children or food. This situation is similar to how nations manage debt, affecting overall growth and stability.

However, not only that it will also go with the land use like imagine you would talk about a industrial land use and how it can pollute the surrounding soil nature, that is also an important, and it will affect certain species of trees and flora and fauna, this how the result into the unsafe conditions.

The way land is used for industrial purposes can lead to pollution, negatively impacting soil quality and local ecosystems. This environmental degradation can create unsafe living conditions for people, as well as threaten wildlife, which is part of their natural habitat.

Picture a factory that discharges toxins into a nearby river. Over time, the water becomes polluted, making it unsafe for local residents who rely on it for drinking and farming. This pollution not only harms the environment but also puts people's health and livelihoods at risk.

So when we talk about the public actions and institutions, this is where the preparedness because majority of the political institutions they do not rely on, they do not fund for the preparedness program because that is not much visible because they are not sure whether disaster is going to happen or not.

Preparedness for disasters often takes a backseat in public policy because it's difficult to predict when a disaster will happen. Political institutions may prioritize post-disaster recovery instead of investing in prevention and preparedness programs, which leads to vulnerabilities.

Think of a family that only buys groceries after they run out, instead of keeping a stocked pantry. If they face an unexpectedly heavy snowfall, they might run out of food. In the same way, governments need to plan ahead to ensure they're ready to respond when disasters strike, rather than waiting for one to happen first.

So coming to the frameworks, when we talk about the Hyogo Framework for Action from 2005 to 2015 and these are the 5 principles which they have established...

The Hyogo Framework for Action established five key principles for effectively addressing disaster risks. It emphasizes the need for disaster risk reduction (DRR) to be a national priority, the importance of understanding and monitoring risks, the role of knowledge and education in building a culture of safety, reducing underlying risk factors, and strengthening preparedness across all levels of society.

Consider a community that experiences frequent flooding. By adopting the principles of the Hyogo Framework, they could prioritize building better drainage systems (preparedness), educate residents on flood safety (knowledge and education), and develop plans to minimize losses from future floods (reducing risk factors).

--