And they talk about they have come with the understanding of this framework is called a pressure and release model. So we have the root causes as I discussed with you, that the limited access to the power, structures, resources. Ideologies where the political ideology, the systems, political systems and economic systems and how these root causes can actually create certain add-on to the dynamic pressures.

For example, when we have the institutional lack of institutional training, appropriate skills, local investments, even how the markets will also create some kind of everyday issues. And the press freedom you know like if you take the example of North Korea you know how what is happening in North Korea may not be known to the whole world you know how to communicate with this, the press freedom, ethical standards in public life and these are more of the everyday processes.

The other aspects are the macro-forces, the demographic change you know the rapid population change, rapid urbanisations and the amputation expenditure, the debt repayment because we have been taking lot of loans from world bank and other things. So how we are able to, how this particular debt is increasing, and it is adding to the burden of the citizen's lives and their livelihoods.

Deforestation because of the industrial and expansions, physical expansion of cities, and how the deforestation is in turn affecting the climate change and which is again relating to the DRR. Decline in soil productivity you know, in many at cases we have this how the agriculture have been converted into aquaculture, and again aquaculture has been at some point they come into losses, and again they want to come into agriculture you know how they face these difficulties and how it will reduce the soil productivity as well.

However, not only that it will also go with the land use like imagine you would talk about a industrial land use and how it can pollute the surrounding soil nature, that is also an important, and it will affect certain species of trees and flora and fauna, this how the result into the unsafe conditions. Where we talk about the dangerous locations people live in the physical dangerous locations, unprotected buildings and infrastructure, maybe many of in poorer countries, they do not have even money to safeguard those existing structures.

Livelihoods at risk and the low-income levels like today we are looking case of Venezuela, how the situation, the financial situations have been you know disrupting the whole community in a global level, and it is also relating how even on one side when the economy falls down how it have impact on the whole society as a whole.

Social relationships, special groups at risk maybe a target groups, lack of local institutions. And when we talk about the public actions and institutions, this is where the preparedness because majority of the political institutions they do not rely on, they do not fund for the preparedness program because that is not much visible because they are not sure whether disaster is going to happen or not.

But the most visible programs are mostly focused on after the disaster. Yes, we have constructed this many houses, we have given this many boats, we have given this many livelihoods, but before what are the training programs, what are the early warning systems you know how we can actually dedicate our budget in the preparedness programs.