2.1. Principles of DRR

And they talk about they have come with the understanding of this framework is called a pressure and release model. So we have the root causes as I discussed with you, that the limited access to the power, structures, resources.

The pressure and release model explains how various pressures, such as limited access to resources and power structures, lead to vulnerability in communities. Root causes, like political ideologies and economic systems, contribute to the dynamic pressures that increase the risk of disasters.

Imagine a pot of water being heated on a stove. The heat represents the root causes of vulnerability, and the water level represents community safety. As the heat increases (representing the pressures from society), the water begins to boil over (representing a disaster) when it reaches a critical point.

For example, when we have the institutional lack of institutional training, appropriate skills, local investments, even how the markets will also create some kind of everyday issues.

Dynamic pressures arise from factors like lack of training, inadequate local investments, and market issues. These pressures create conditions that can lead to disaster vulnerability. Communities without training or resources are more at risk when disasters occur.

Consider a village where farmers lack training in modern agricultural techniques. Their crops fail because they don't know how to adapt to changing weather patterns. This ‘lack of training’ is a dynamic pressure that makes the community more vulnerable to food shortages during a drought.

The other aspects are the macro-forces, the demographic change you know the rapid population change, rapid urbanisations.

Macro-forces like demographic changes, rapid population growth, and urbanization contribute to vulnerability. As more people move into cities without adequate infrastructure, the risk of disasters increases due to overcrowded and poorly constructed environments.

Think of a city suddenly facing a population boom due to rural migration. With more people than housing, many families end up living in shantytowns. This overcrowding creates unsafe living conditions, increasing the likelihood of disasters like fires or floods.

Deforestation because of the industrial and expansions, physical expansion of cities, and how the deforestation is in turn affecting the climate change.

Environmental changes, particularly deforestation due to industrial expansion, significantly affect climate change. These environmental challenges then contribute to disaster risk, making it essential to consider ecological sustainability in disaster risk reduction efforts.

Imagine a sponge that absorbs water. Deforestation removes trees that act like sponges, absorbing rainwater. Without trees, floods become more likely, similar to how a dried sponge doesn't retain water and spills out instead.

public actions and institutions, this is where the preparedness because majority of the political institutions they do not rely on, they do not fund for the preparedness program.

Disaster preparedness often lacks funding and political support. Governments may focus more on post-disaster recovery rather than investing in preventative measures. This lack of support for preparatory actions exacerbates vulnerabilities in communities.

Consider a family ignoring a leaking roof—waiting until the leak causes damage before fixing it. This is akin to governments neglecting disaster preparedness and only reacting when disasters occur, leading to increased damage and costs.

So coming to the frameworks, when we talk about the Hyogo Framework for Action from 2005 to 2015...

The Hyogo Framework for Action establishes principles for disaster risk reduction, emphasizing national and local priority, the importance of monitoring and assessing disasters, and fostering a culture of safety. It guides communities and governments in implementing effective disaster management practices.

Think of the Hyogo Framework as a blueprint for building a strong house. Just as a good house design ensures safety from storms, this framework helps countries create robust systems to protect against disasters.

And follow up on the Hyogo Framework for Action, Sendai Framework for disaster risk reduction sets up like this 2015 to 2030...

The Sendai Framework expands on the principles of the Hyogo Framework, focusing on comprehensive disaster risk management across all sectors and promoting resilience in communities by reducing disaster risk through inclusive and integrated measures.

Living in a coastal area prone to hurricanes, communities might invest in various measures—strong building codes, early warning systems, and public education campaigns—to prepare for and mitigate hurricane impacts, reflecting the holistic approach of the Sendai Framework.

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