13. Lecture - 13
The chapter focuses on logical arguments, predicates, and quantifiers in discrete mathematics, demonstrating how to analyze arguments for validity using counterexamples. It covers the significance of establishing precise definitions through predicates, alongside practical exercises for expressing mathematical statements about collections. The exploration extends to the properties of real numbers and proofs regarding the existence of prime numbers.
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Sections
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What we have learnt
- Arguments can be evaluated for validity using predicates and quantifiers.
- Existential and universal quantifications are essential in forming logical statements.
- Counterexamples are crucial for disproving invalid arguments.
Key Concepts
- -- Predicate
- A statement that contains a variable and becomes a proposition when the variable is substituted.
- -- Quantifier
- Symbols used in logic to specify the quantity of subjects being discussed, such as 'for all' (∀) or 'there exists' (∃).
- -- Counterexample
- An example that disproves a statement or proposition, thereby showing it is not universally true.
- -- Proof by Contradiction
- A method of proving a statement by assuming the opposite and showing that this assumption leads to a contradiction.
Additional Learning Materials
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