18. Operations on Relations
The chapter discusses operations on relations, including set-theoretic operations such as union, intersection, and composition. It explores the concepts of powers of relations and various closure properties, including reflexive, symmetric, and transitive closures. Through examples, it illustrates how relations can be manipulated and expanded to satisfy specific properties.
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What we have learnt
- Relations can undergo set-theoretic operations like union, intersection, and difference.
- The composition of relations allows for establishing connections between different sets.
- Closure of a relation refers to expanding it minimally to satisfy specified properties such as reflexivity and symmetry.
Key Concepts
- -- Union of Relations
- The union of two relations R1 and R2 includes all ordered pairs that are in either R1 or R2.
- -- Composition of Relations
- The composition of two relations R and S combines them such that if an element a is related to b through R, and b is related to c through S, then a is related to c in the composed relation.
- -- Reflexive Closure
- The reflexive closure of a relation R is formed by adding all pairs of the form (a, a) for each element a in the set if they are not already included in R.
- -- Transitive Closure
- The transitive closure of a relation R involves repeatedly adding pairs of the form (a, c) based on already existing pairs (a, b) and (b, c) until no new pairs can be added.
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