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Environmental Quality Monitoring & Analysis, - Vol 3
Explore and master the fundamentals of Environmental Quality Monitoring & Analysis, - Vol 3
You've not yet enrolled in this course. Please enroll for free to listen to audio lessons, classroom podcasts and take practice test.Chapter 1
Monitoring Methods for Air PM - Part 1
The chapter covers the methods for sampling and analyzing particulate matter (PM) in air, exploring different techniques and devices such as impactors and cyclones to effectively measure PM concentrations. It emphasizes the need for precise sampling protocols based on specific objectives, discusses the challenges of gravimetric measurement, and outlines the importance of time-averaged measurements for evaluating air quality standards. Various methodologies are examined to ensure accurate air quality monitoring for better environmental management.
Chapter 2
High Volume Sampler
The chapter discusses methods of particulate matter (PM) analysis in air quality monitoring, exploring various sampling techniques, their designs, and implications on data accuracy. It highlights the importance of real-time monitoring technologies and instrumentation developments that inform regulatory efforts to address pollution. Additionally, it examines the relationships between particle size measurements and their environmental impacts.
Chapter 3
Introduction to Source Apportionment and Chemical Composition
The chapter discusses the importance of understanding chemical composition and particle size distribution in source apportionment. It highlights the challenges in measuring ultra-fine particulate matter and the various techniques used to analyze these small particles, such as differential mobility analyzers and condensation particle counters. The chapter also emphasizes the need for affordable instrumentation and the complexities involved in tracking and interpreting atmospheric measurements.
Chapter 4
Monitoring methods for Air PM - Part 2
The chapter provides an in-depth exploration of monitoring methods for particulate matter (PM) in the air, focusing particularly on gravimetric measurements and optical techniques. It emphasizes the importance of using standard particles for calibration, the role of filter media in capturing particles, and various analytical instruments used for evaluating the composition of PM, including organic and inorganic analysis. Additionally, the relationship between measurements and effective regulatory policies is highlighted as critical for informed decision-making.
Chapter 5
Vapor – Part 1
The chapter focuses on vapor phase analysis techniques, particularly for monitoring air quality in conjunction with particulate matter. It highlights the importance of sampling methods, including grab sampling and absorption techniques, underscoring challenges such as concentration sensitivity and potential losses during sample collection. Additionally, it discusses various equipment used in vapor sampling and the interplay between vapor and particulate assessments.
Chapter 6
:Vapour - Part 2
The chapter discusses the processes involved in vapor sampling and analysis, highlighting techniques for collecting and extracting trace vapor organics. It outlines the methodologies used for adsorption during sampling, desorption for analysis, and the significance of factors such as flow rate and breakthrough curves in ensuring effective sampling. Various types of thermal extraction tubes and their applications in analytical instruments are also explored.
Chapter 7
Introduction to Thermal Desorption
This chapter explores the principles and methodologies related to thermal desorption and its applications in environmental monitoring. It details the processes involved in sample preparation, gas chromatography, and the analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Additionally, various sampling methods, including passive samplers, are discussed, highlighting their advantages and limitations.
Chapter 8
Monitoring and Measurement of Microorganisms
The chapter discusses the methods and standards for monitoring and analyzing microorganisms, specifically focusing on water quality. It covers the challenges of counting microbial populations, the importance of culturing methods, and various advanced techniques like flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Key points include understanding viable versus non-viable microorganisms and how turbidity can indicate the presence of living pathogens in water.
Chapter 9
Transport of Pollutants - Introduction
The chapter discusses the transport of pollutants in various environmental systems, focusing on how concentration changes over time and space. It outlines the importance of modeling pollutant transport and validating these models through measurement techniques. Concepts such as mass balance equations, box models for rivers, and the complexities of steady-state systems are introduced to emphasize the analytical approaches for predicting concentration levels in different scenarios.
Chapter 10
Transport of Pollutants - Box Models in Water
The chapter discusses the modeling of pollutant transport using box models, focusing on water and air quality. It emphasizes defining the system domain, boundary conditions, and initial conditions necessary for accurate modeling. Complexities such as system dimensionality and mechanisms of mixing, including convection and boundary layer effects, are also highlighted.
Chapter 11
Transport of Pollutants - Box Models in Water
This chapter discusses the temperature profile as a function of height and its implications on vertical convection and pollutant transport. It explains the concept of environmental lapse rates, temperature inversions, and their effects on atmospheric stability and pollutant dispersion. The importance of understanding the mixing height and atmospheric stability in relation to air quality and pollution control is emphasized.
Chapter 12
Transport of Pollutants – Dispersion
The chapter highlights the transport of pollutants in the atmosphere, discussing stability conditions that influence dispersion. It covers the significance of environmental and adiabatic lapse rates, detailing how they affect pollutant behavior through various plume shapes under different turbulence scenarios. Additionally, the chapter explains the concepts of mixing height and different pollution sources, emphasizing their role in environmental engineering.
Chapter 13
Transport of Pollutants - Gaussian Dispersion Model
The chapter discusses the Gaussian dispersion model as a method to predict the concentration of pollutants in the atmosphere as a function of spatial coordinates and time. It outlines the fundamental principles of mass balance and categorizes dispersion models into Eulerian and Lagrangian frameworks, focusing on the latter for its relevance in tracking pollution plumes. Key equations governing pollutant transport are presented, leading to the simplification necessary for practical application in environmental engineering.
Chapter 14
Dispersion Model Parameters - Part 1
The chapter explores box models for pollutant transfer in air, focusing on atmospheric stability, mixing height, and plume shapes related to environmental lapse rates. It also discusses the equations used to model pollutant dispersion, particularly emphasizing the role of advection and dispersion in pollutant transport, and the assumptions necessary for these models.
Chapter 15
Steady State Assumption
The chapter discusses the principles of Gaussian dispersion modeling in environmental science, particularly in relation to pollutant release dynamics and steady-state assumptions. It introduces key concepts such as mass conservation within a plume and the influence of various environmental parameters on concentration distribution. The mathematical formulations provide insights into how these principles are applied in real-world scenarios, particularly concerning pollutant concentration over time and space.