3. Fluid Mechanics
The chapter delves into the fundamental principles of fluid mechanics, covering the microscopic and macroscopic behavior of fluids. Key fluid properties such as density, specific volume, specific weight, and the laws of viscosity are explored in depth. It emphasizes the effects of temperature and pressure on fluid properties and introduces concepts such as laminar and turbulent flow.
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What we have learnt
- Fluid mechanics involves the study of fluid behavior at rest and in motion, including interactions with solids.
- No-slip conditions dictate the velocity of fluid in contact with solid surfaces, crucial for understanding fluid flow.
- The chapter differentiates between microscopic and macroscopic fluid properties, emphasizing their significance in engineering applications.
Key Concepts
- -- Density
- Density is the mass per unit volume of a fluid, a key property that can vary based on the fluid's state and conditions.
- -- Specific Volume
- Specific volume is the volume occupied by a unit mass of a substance, inversely related to density.
- -- Specific Gravity
- Specific gravity is the ratio of the density of a substance to the density of a reference substance, typically water.
- -- Viscosity
- Viscosity defines a fluid's resistance to flow, with Newton's laws relating shear stress to the velocity gradient.
- -- Laminar Flow
- Laminar flow describes fluid motion in layers with smooth, orderly movement and minimal mixing.
- -- Turbulent Flow
- Turbulent flow involves chaotic fluid motion characterized by eddies and vortices, leading to increased mixing.
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