Fluid Mechanics - Vol 1 | 8. Pressure Field when Fluid is at Rest by Abraham | Learn Smarter
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8. Pressure Field when Fluid is at Rest

This chapter covers the analysis of pressure fields in fluids at rest, examining the relationship between pressure, body forces like gravity, and the effects of hydrostatic equilibrium. It discusses the distinctions between gauge pressure and absolute pressure while introducing concepts such as hydrostatic pressure distribution and capillarity effects. The foundations laid here are crucial for understanding fluid behavior in both static and dynamic conditions.

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Sections

  • 8.

    Pressure Field When Fluid Is At Rest

    This section discusses the characteristics and derivation of the pressure field in a fluid at rest, highlighting key concepts such as pressure gradients and gauge pressure.

  • 8.1.1

    Introduction To Control Volume

    This section covers the concept of control volumes in fluid mechanics, focusing on pressure distribution and the principles that govern fluid behavior at rest.

  • 8.1.2

    Forces Acting On The Control Volume

    This section discusses the forces acting on a fluid control volume at rest, emphasizing pressure distribution and the effects of body forces such as gravity.

  • 8.1.3

    Pressure Field As A Function Of Coordinates

    This section discusses the determination of the pressure field in a stationary fluid, emphasizing the relationship between fluid pressure and coordinates in a control volume.

  • 8.1.4

    Approximation Of Pressure Using Taylor Series

    This section discusses the approximation of pressure fields in fluids at rest using Taylor series, highlighting the effects of gravity and pressure distribution in fluid mechanics.

  • 8.1.5

    Force Components Due To Pressure

    This section discusses the components of forces acting on a fluid at rest, focusing on pressure distribution defined by the gradient of pressure in three-dimensional coordinates.

  • 8.1.6

    Hydrostatic Equations

    This section discusses the hydrostatic equations relevant to understanding pressure fields in fluids at rest, integrating concepts like gravity, pressure distribution, and measurement techniques.

  • 8.2

    Gauge Pressure And Vacuum Pressure

    This section discusses the concepts of gauge pressure and vacuum pressure, including their definitions and the significance of measurement standards in fluid mechanics.

  • 8.2.1

    Definitions And Measurement

    This section explores the definitions and measurement methods related to fluid pressure, including the concepts of hydrostatic pressure and gauge pressure.

  • 8.2.2

    Atmospheric Pressure As A Datum

    This section explores the concept of pressure in fluid at rest, the significance of atmospheric pressure as a datum, and calculations of gauge and vacuum pressures.

  • 8.3

    Pressure Distribution Equations

    This section discusses the derivation and significance of pressure distribution equations in fluid mechanics, particularly in hydrostatic conditions.

  • 8.3.1

    Alignment Of Gravity With Coordinate Axes

    This section discusses how pressure fields behave in fluids at rest, focusing on the alignment of gravity with coordinate axes and the implications for pressure distribution.

  • 8.3.2

    Pressure Variation In A Horizontal Plane

    This section discusses the pressure distribution in a fluid at rest, focusing on how pressure varies in the z-direction while remaining constant in the x and y directions.

  • 8.3.3

    Integration Of Pressure Functions

    This section discusses how to derive the pressure distribution in a fluid at rest using control volumes and the concept of pressure functions based on Cartesian coordinates.

  • 8.4

    Virtual Fluid Balls Concept

    This section discusses how pressure in a fluid at rest can be analyzed using control volumes, examining the pressure field as a function of spatial variables (x, y, z), and introducing concepts like gauge pressure and vacuum pressure.

  • 8.4.1

    Pressure Calculation Via Weight Of Fluid Balls

    This section explains how to calculate pressure in a liquid at rest by relating it to the weight of fluid columns and introduces fundamental principles such as gauge and absolute pressure.

  • 8.8.5

    Capillary Effect

    The capillary effect describes how liquids rise or fall in small tubes due to surface tension and gravity, impacting pressure distribution.

  • 8.5.1

    Forces In Capillary Action

    This section discusses the dynamics of pressure in fluids at rest, focusing on the implications of pressure fields in capillary action.

  • 8.5.2

    Control Volume In Capillary Problems

    This section examines the principles of pressure distribution in fluids at rest within control volumes, specifically addressing the roles of shear stress, body forces, and the significance of gauge and vacuum pressure in various fluid dynamics scenarios.

  • 8.6

    Mercury Barometer

    This section discusses the principles of pressure measurement using a mercury barometer, including the concepts of gauge pressure, vacuum pressure, and the significance of pressure distribution in static fluids.

  • 8.6.1

    Measurement Of Atmospheric Pressure

    This section discusses the measurement of atmospheric pressure, focusing on its functional definitions, variations during fluid rest, and applications in gauge and absolute pressure measurements.

  • 8.7

    Conclusion

    This section summarizes key concepts related to pressure in fluid mechanics, including pressure fields, hydrostatic equations, and pressure measurement methods.

  • 8.7.1

    Summary Of Key Concepts

    This section discusses how to derive the pressure field in fluids at rest, applying Pascal's law, including concepts of gauge and vacuum pressure.

References

ch4 part b.pdf

Class Notes

Memorization

What we have learnt

  • Pressure in fluids acts nor...
  • Hydrostatic pressure change...
  • Capillary action results fr...

Final Test

Revision Tests