2. INDIAN ECONOMY 1950–1990
India's economic journey between 1950 and 1990 is underscored by a strategic blend of socialism and capitalism through five-year plans targeting growth, modernization, self-reliance, and equity. Notable developments in agriculture, particularly the Green Revolution, sought to boost food production while reforms aimed at improving land distribution were introduced. Despite these achievements, challenges remained, including persistent poverty among a large agrarian population and inefficiencies in the public sector.
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What we have learnt
- The goals of India's five-year plans included growth, modernization, self-reliance, and equity.
- Land reforms and the Green Revolution were pivotal in transforming Indian agriculture.
- The industrial sector saw growth, but public sector inefficiencies led to calls for reform in the 1991 economic reforms.
Key Concepts
- -- FiveYear Plans
- Strategic planning frameworks implemented to set economic and developmental targets over five-year periods.
- -- Green Revolution
- A period marked by the introduction of high-yielding varieties of seeds, fertilizers, and improved irrigation to boost food production.
- -- SelfReliance
- The policy aimed at reducing dependence on imports by encouraging domestic production of goods and services.
- -- Marketable Surplus
- The portion of agricultural produce that is sold in the market by farmers.
- -- Import Substitution
- An economic policy aimed at reducing foreign dependency by promoting local production of goods that would otherwise be imported.
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