IB Board Grade 12 – Individuals and Societies | Unit 4: Power, Sovereignty, and International Relations by Prakhar Chauhan | Learn Smarter
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Unit 4: Power, Sovereignty, and International Relations

Unit 4: Power, Sovereignty, and International Relations

Power and sovereignty are fundamental concepts in international relations that dictate how states and non-state actors interact. The chapter outlines the importance of different types of power—hard, soft, and smart—as well as the complexities of sovereignty in a globalized world. It also discusses the roles of key international organizations and provides real-world case studies demonstrating the interplay between power dynamics and global cooperation.

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  1. 4
    Power, Sovereignty, And International Relations

    This section examines the fundamental concepts of power and sovereignty in...

  2. 4.1
    Understanding Power In International Relations

    Power is a core concept in international relations, influencing how states...

  3. 4.1.1
    Definition Of Power

    Power is the capacity of individuals or groups to influence others and...

  4. 4.1.2
    Types Of Power

    This section outlines the different types of power used in international...

  5. 4.1.2.1

    Hard power is a type of coercive power utilized by states through military...

  6. 4.1.2.2

    Soft power is the ability of a state to influence others through attraction...

  7. 4.1.2.3

    Smart power blends hard and soft power strategies to achieve foreign policy...

  8. 4.1.3
    Theories Of Power

    This section explores various theories of power in international relations,...

  9. 4.1.3.1

    Realism emphasizes the role of power in international relations as a...

  10. 4.1.3.2

    Liberalism in international relations emphasizes cooperation,...

  11. 4.1.3.3
    Constructivism

    Constructivism emphasizes that power in international relations is shaped by...

  12. 4.2
    Understanding Sovereignty

    This section defines sovereignty as the control of a state over its internal...

  13. 4.2.1
    Definition Of Sovereignty

    Sovereignty is the principle that asserts a state's authority over its...

  14. 4.2.2
    Historical Evolution Of Sovereignty

    This section covers the historical development of sovereignty, emphasizing...

  15. 4.2.2.1
    Westphalian Sovereignty

    Westphalian sovereignty marks the establishment of modern international...

  16. 4.2.2.2
    Challenges To Sovereignty

    This section discusses the complexities of sovereignty in the context of...

  17. 4.2.3
    Types Of Sovereignty

    This section discusses the various types of sovereignty, including legal,...

  18. 4.2.3.1
    Legal Sovereignty

    Legal sovereignty refers to the authority of a state to create and enforce...

  19. 4.2.3.2
    Political Sovereignty

    Political sovereignty refers to the actual exercise of power by a government...

  20. 4.2.3.3
    Popular Sovereignty

    Popular sovereignty asserts that the power of the state resides with the...

  21. 4.3
    State And Non-State Actors In Global Politics

    This section explores the roles of state and non-state actors in shaping...

  22. 4.3.1
    State Actors

    This section examines state actors as the primary entities in international...

  23. 4.3.2
    Non-State Actors

    This section explores non-state actors in international relations, including...

  24. 4.3.2.1
    International Organizations

    This section explores the role of international organizations in global...

  25. 4.3.2.2
    Non-Governmental Organizations (Ngos)

    Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) play a crucial role in international...

  26. 4.3.2.3
    Multinational Corporations (Mncs)

    Multinational Corporations (MNCs) are global business entities that operate...

  27. 4.3.2.4
    Terrorist Groups

    This section examines terrorist groups as non-state actors in international...

  28. 4.3.2.5
    Transnational Advocacy Networks

    Transnational advocacy networks promote social and political change across...

  29. 4.4
    Major International Organizations And Their Roles

    This section discusses the significant international organizations, their...

  30. 4.4.1
    United Nations (Un)

    The United Nations is a pivotal international organization focused on...

  31. 4.4.1.1

    This section discusses the significance of power and sovereignty in...

  32. 4.4.1.2

    This section examines the roles and structures of major international...

  33. 4.4.1.3
    Peacekeeping

    This section explores the role of peacekeeping within international...

  34. 4.4.1.4

    This section examines the contemporary challenges to power and sovereignty...

  35. 4.4.2
    World Trade Organization (Wto)

    The World Trade Organization (WTO) is a key international institution that...

  36. 4.4.2.1

    This section explores the purpose of international organizations in...

  37. 4.4.2.2

    This section elaborates on the key functions of major international...

  38. 4.4.2.3

    This section covers the various criticisms of major international...

  39. 4.4.3
    International Monetary Fund (Imf)

    The International Monetary Fund (IMF) aims to stabilize the international...

  40. 4.4.3.1

    This section examines the purpose of major international organizations in...

  41. 4.4.3.2

    This section explores the role of functions within the context of...

  42. 4.4.3.3

    This section examines criticisms associated with major international...

  43. 4.5
    Case Studies On International Conflicts And Cooperation

    This section reviews pivotal case studies that illustrate the dynamics of...

  44. 4.5.1
    Case Study 1: The Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)

    The Cuban Missile Crisis represents a critical confrontation between the USA...

  45. 4.5.2
    Case Study 2: The European Union (Eu)

    This section examines the European Union as a case study of regional...

  46. 4.5.3
    Case Study 3: United Nations Peacekeeping In Rwanda (1994)

    This section analyzes the challenges faced by UN peacekeeping forces during...

  47. 4.6

    This chapter summarizes the key concepts of power and sovereignty and their...

What we have learnt

  • Power is central to international interactions and can be classified into hard, soft, and smart types.
  • Sovereignty entails full control over a state's affairs and is challenged by globalization and international institutions.
  • Both state and non-state actors play significant roles in shaping global politics and international relations.

Key Concepts

-- Power
The ability to influence others and control outcomes to achieve desired objectives.
-- Hard Power
Coercive power, often involving military force or economic sanctions.
-- Soft Power
The ability to influence others through attraction and persuasion rather than coercion.
-- Sovereignty
A state's full control over its internal affairs and recognition by other states as an independent actor.
-- International Organizations
Entities such as the UN, WTO, and IMF that influence international relations.

Additional Learning Materials

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