IB Board Grade 12 – Individuals and Societies | Unit 5: Human Rights and Global Justice by Prakhar Chauhan | Learn Smarter
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Unit 5: Human Rights and Global Justice

The chapter explores the historical development of human rights, highlighting key milestones and the significance of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). It examines the frameworks that protect human rights and the challenges faced in achieving global justice worldwide. Through case studies, the complexities of sovereignty, inequality, and international intervention are analyzed.

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Sections

  • 5

    Human Rights And Global Justice

    This section explores the evolution of human rights, emphasizing the significance of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the challenges in achieving global justice.

    Learning Practice

  • 5.1

    Historical Evolution Of Human Rights

    This section explores the development of human rights through historical, philosophical, and legal perspectives.

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  • 5.1.1

    Introduction

    This section provides an overview of the historical evolution of human rights, emphasizing foundational ideas, key milestones, and the significance of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR).

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  • 5.1.2

    Early Ideas Of Human Rights

    This section discusses the historical roots of human rights, tracing their evolution through ancient civilizations, religious beliefs, and Enlightenment philosophy.

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  • 5.1.3

    Key Historical Milestones

    This section outlines significant historical milestones that contributed to the evolution of human rights, emphasizing the development of fundamental rights from ancient civilizations to the 20th century.

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  • 5.1.4

    Post-World War Ii Developments

    The post-World War II era catalyzed the formation of international human rights protections culminating in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR).

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  • 5.2

    Universal Declaration Of Human Rights And International Law

    The section discusses the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), its fundamental principles, key articles, and its significance in the landscape of international law.

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  • 5.2.1

    The Universal Declaration Of Human Rights (Udhr)

    The UDHR, adopted in 1948, establishes a common standard of fundamental human rights for all people.

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  • 5.2.2

    Key Articles Of Udhr

    The Key Articles of the UDHR outline fundamental human rights essential for every individual, establishing a global standard for human dignity.

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  • 5.2.3

    International Human Rights Law

    International Human Rights Law encompasses treaties and conventions that establish legal obligations for human rights protection by states.

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  • 5.2.4

    International Courts And Tribunals

    This section introduces the role and significance of international courts and tribunals in enforcing human rights and resolving disputes.

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  • 5.3

    Mechanisms For Protecting Human Rights

    This section explores various mechanisms, including the role of the United Nations, NGOs, and national institutions, designed to uphold and protect human rights globally.

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  • 5.3.1

    Role Of The United Nations

    This section explores the role of the United Nations in protecting human rights globally through various mechanisms, including the Human Rights Council and treaty bodies.

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  • 5.3.2

    Non-Governmental Organizations (Ngos)

    Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) play a crucial role in protecting human rights by documenting abuses, raising awareness, and pressuring governments.

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  • 5.3.3

    National Human Rights Institutions (Nhris)

    NHRIs serve as independent bodies to promote and protect human rights within their respective countries.

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  • 5.3.4

    International Peacekeeping And Humanitarian Intervention

    This section discusses the role of international peacekeeping and humanitarian intervention in addressing gross human rights violations.

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  • 5.3.5

    Challenges In Enforcement

    This section addresses the key challenges faced in enforcing human rights at an international level.

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  • 5.4

    Challenges In Achieving Global Justice

    This section outlines the key challenges faced in the pursuit of global justice, focusing on issues such as state sovereignty, inequality, conflict, economic exploitation, climate change, and impunity.

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  • 5.4.1

    Definition Of Global Justice

    Global justice encompasses the fair treatment of individuals worldwide, ensuring access to rights and resources irrespective of nationality.

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  • 5.4.2

    Major Challenges

    This section discusses the major challenges faced in achieving global justice, including issues like sovereignty, inequality, conflict, economic exploitation, climate change, and accountability.

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  • 5.5

    Case Studies

    This section explores three pivotal case studies that illustrate significant human rights challenges and advancements.

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  • 5.5.1

    Case Study 1: Apartheid In South Africa

    This section explores the systematic racial segregation known as apartheid in South Africa, detailing its effects and the international response that led to its dismantling.

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  • 5.5.2

    Case Study 2: The Rohingya Crisis

    The Rohingya Crisis highlights the persecution of the Rohingya Muslim minority in Myanmar, resulting in forced displacement and ongoing calls for international accountability.

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  • 5.5.3

    Case Study 3: The Universal Jurisdiction Principle

    This section explores the Universal Jurisdiction Principle, which allows countries to prosecute human rights violators regardless of where the crimes occurred.

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  • 5.6

    Summary

    This chapter details the historical evolution of human rights, focusing on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and mechanisms for their protection.

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  • 5.7

    End-Of-Chapter Questions

    This section presents a series of reflective and analytical questions related to human rights and global justice.

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  • 5.8

    Activity

    This section provides a research activity focused on current human rights issues.

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  • 5.9

    Further Reading And Resources

    This section provides recommended resources for further exploration of human rights and global justice topics.

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References

Untitled document (13).pdf

Class Notes

Memorization

What we have learnt

  • Human rights are foundation...
  • The UDHR provides a common ...
  • Global justice is challenge...

Final Test

Revision Tests