Unit 7: Equilibrium
Chemical equilibrium is central to understanding reaction processes in various settings. The dynamics of equilibrium highlight how reactions can shift in response to changes in concentration, pressure, or temperature. Key industrial applications demonstrate how equilibrium principles are applied to optimize chemical production processes, such as ammonia and sulfuric acid synthesis.
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Sections
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What we have learnt
- Dynamic equilibrium occurs in a closed system when the rates of the forward and reverse reactions equal each other.
- The equilibrium constant expresses the ratio of concentrations of products to reactants at equilibrium, and it is only affected by temperature.
- Le Châtelier’s Principle predicts how a system at equilibrium will adjust to external changes in concentration, pressure or temperature.
Key Concepts
- -- Dynamic Equilibrium
- A condition in which the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the backward reaction, resulting in constant concentrations of reactants and products.
- -- Equilibrium Constant (Kc)
- A number that expresses the ratio of concentrations of products to reactants for a reversible reaction at equilibrium at a given temperature.
- -- Le Châtelier’s Principle
- A principle stating that if an external change is applied to a system at equilibrium, the system adjusts in a way to counteract that change and restore equilibrium.
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