Unit 1: Stoichiometric Relationships
Stoichiometry serves as a fundamental aspect of chemistry, enabling the quantitative analysis of chemical reactions through concepts such as the mole, molar mass, and solution concentrations. Mastery of these concepts allows for predictions about product yields and the identification of limiting reactants in chemical equations. The chapter provides a framework for solving multi-step quantitative problems, including calculations for mass, moles, volumes, and concentrations.
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What we have learnt
- The mole is defined as 6.022 140 76 × 10²³ entities and serves as a conversion unit between mass and number of entities.
- Chemical equations must be balanced to respect the law of conservation of mass, revealing the mole relationships between reactants and products.
- The concept of limiting reagents is essential for determining the maximum possible yield of a reaction and calculating theoretical versus actual yields.
Key Concepts
- -- Mole
- A fundamental unit in chemistry equivalent to 6.022 140 76 × 10²³ entities.
- -- Limiting Reagent
- The reactant that is entirely consumed first, thereby limiting the amount of product formed.
- -- Molarity (M)
- A way to express concentration defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution.
- -- Percent Yield
- A measure of the efficiency of a reaction, calculated as (actual yield/theoretical yield) × 100%.
- -- Stoichiometry
- The quantitative relationship between reactants and products in a chemical reaction.
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