IB Grade 11: Chemistry | Unit 6: Chemical Kinetics by Prakhar Chauhan | Learn Smarter
Students

Academic Programs

AI-powered learning for grades 8-12, aligned with major curricula

Professional

Professional Courses

Industry-relevant training in Business, Technology, and Design

Games

Interactive Games

Fun games to boost memory, math, typing, and English skills

Unit 6: Chemical Kinetics

Unit 6: Chemical Kinetics

Chemical kinetics focuses on the rates at which chemical reactions proceed and the mechanisms behind these transformations. Critical factors influencing reaction rates include concentration, temperature, surface area, physical state, catalysts, and solvents. Understanding collision theory and activation energy is crucial for grasping how various conditions affect reaction speeds and the derivation of rate laws that describe the dynamics of chemical reactions.

50 sections

Enroll to start learning

You've not yet enrolled in this course. Please enroll for free to listen to audio lessons, classroom podcasts and take practice test.

Sections

Navigate through the learning materials and practice exercises.

  1. 1
    Introduction

    This section introduces chemical kinetics, focusing on the speed of...

  2. 2
    Factors Affecting Reaction Rates

    This section discusses the various factors that influence the speed of...

  3. 2.1
    Concentration (Or Pressure)

    This section discusses the effects of concentration (or pressure) on...

  4. 2.2

    Temperature significantly affects the rate of chemical reactions by...

  5. 2.3
    Surface Area (For Heterogeneous Reactions)

    The surface area of solid reactants significantly impacts the rate of...

  6. 2.4
    Physical State And Nature Of Reactants

    This section discusses how the physical state and molecular characteristics...

  7. 2.5
    Presence Of A Catalyst

    This section discusses the role of catalysts in chemical reactions,...

  8. 2.6
    Solvent Effects (For Reactions In Solution)

    The choice of solvent plays a critical role in influencing reaction rates in...

  9. 3
    Collision Theory And Activation Energy

    This section explores the collision theory which explains reaction rates and...

  10. 3.1
    Collision Theory: Basic Premise

    Collision theory explains how chemical reactions occur at the molecular...

  11. 3.2
    Effective Collisions And Steric Factor

    This section focuses on the principles of collision theory, highlighting the...

  12. 3.2.1
    Steric Factor

    The steric factor is a crucial component of collision theory that quantifies...

  13. 3.2.2
    Collision Frequency In The Gas Phase

    This section discusses how collision frequency affects reaction rates in the...

  14. 3.3
    Maxwell–boltzmann Distribution Of Molecular Energies

    The Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution describes the distribution of kinetic...

  15. 3.4
    Activation Energy

    Activation energy is the minimum energy required for reactants to convert...

  16. 3.5
    Arrhenius Equation

    The Arrhenius Equation describes the relationship between the rate constant...

  17. 3.5.1
    Determining Activation Energy From Two Temperatures

    This section discusses how to determine the activation energy of a reaction...

  18. 3.5.2
    Meaning Of The Pre-Exponential Factor A

    The pre-exponential factor A in the Arrhenius equation represents the...

  19. 3.6
    The Transition State (Activation Complex)

    The transition state, also known as the activation complex, represents the...

  20. 3.7
    Catalysis Viewed Through Activation Energy

    Catalysts lower the activation energy of a reaction, allowing it to proceed...

  21. 4
    Rate Laws And Reaction Mechanisms

    This section explores how reaction rates are mathematically expressed...

  22. 4.1
    Experimental Determination Of Rate Laws

    This section covers the methods for experimentally determining the rate laws...

  23. 4.1.1
    Method Of Initial Rates

    The method of initial rates involves measuring the initial reaction rates...

  24. 4.2
    Reaction Order, Rate Constant, And Units

    This section explores the concepts of reaction order, the rate constant, and...

  25. 4.3
    Common Rate Laws: Zero, First, And Second Order

    This section covers the common rate laws for zero, first, and second-order...

  26. 4.3.1
    Zero-Order Reactions

    Zero-order reactions are those where the rate of reaction is constant and...

  27. 4.3.2
    First-Order Reactions

    First-order reactions have a rate that is directly proportional to the...

  28. 4.3.3
    Second-Order Reactions

    Second-order reactions are defined by their dependence on the concentrations...

  29. 4.4
    Integrated Rate Equations And Half-Life

    This section focuses on integrated rate equations and the concept of...

  30. 4.5
    Molecularity And Elementary Steps

    Molecularity refers to the number of reactant particles involved in...

  31. 4.6
    Rate-Determining Step And The Steady-State Approximation

    This section discusses the concept of the rate-determining step in...

  32. 4.7
    Pre-Equilibrium Approximation

    The Pre-Equilibrium Approximation is used in chemical kinetics to analyze...

  33. 4.8
    Complex Mechanisms: Chain Reactions And Catalytic Cycles

    This section discusses complex reaction mechanisms, emphasizing chain...

  34. 4.8.1
    Chain Reactions (Radical Chains)

    This section explores chain reactions, specifically focusing on radical...

  35. 4.8.2
    Catalytic Cycles

    Catalytic cycles involve a series of intermediate steps facilitated by...

  36. 5
    Experimental Methods In Chemical Kinetics

    This section covers various experimental methods used in chemical kinetics...

  37. 5.1
    Sampling (Offline Analysis)

    The Sampling section discusses methods for offline analysis of chemical...

  38. 5.2
    Initial-Rate Method

    The Initial-Rate Method is a practical approach used in chemical kinetics to...

  39. 5.3
    Isolation (Pseudo–first-Order) Method

    The Isolation (Pseudo–First-Order) Method simplifies complex reactions by...

  40. 5.4
    Temperature-Jump Technique (Qualitative Description)

    The Temperature-Jump Technique is a method used to investigate the kinetics...

  41. 5.5
    Spectrophotometric And Conductometric Monitoring

    This section explores two experimental methods for monitoring reaction...

  42. 6
    Applications And Case Studies

    This section explores real-world applications of chemical kinetics,...

  43. 6.1
    Enzyme Kinetics (Michaelis–menten Basics)

    This section details the basics of enzyme kinetics, focusing on the...

  44. 6.2
    Unimolecular Decomposition In The Gas Phase

    This section discusses unimolecular decomposition reactions in the gas...

  45. 6.3
    Homogeneous Catalysis: Acid–base And Transition-Metal Examples

    This section covers the mechanisms and examples of homogeneous catalysis,...

  46. 6.3.1
    Acid-Catalyzed Ester Hydrolysis

    This section outlines the mechanism of acid-catalyzed ester hydrolysis,...

  47. 6.3.2
    Transition-Metal Catalysis

    Transition-metal catalysis is key in facilitating chemical reactions,...

  48. 6.4
    Heterogeneous Catalysis: Surface Reactions

    This section discusses the principles of heterogeneous catalysis, focusing...

  49. 7
    Summary Of Key Concepts

    This section encapsulates the main concepts of chemical kinetics, focusing...

  50. 8
    Glossary Of Important Terms

    This section provides definitions of key terms related to chemical kinetics,...

What we have learnt

  • Chemical kinetics studies how quickly reactions occur and the mechanisms by which reactants change to products.
  • Key factors affecting reaction rates include concentration, temperature, surface area, and the presence of catalysts.
  • Collision theory emphasizes the importance of molecular collisions and energy barriers in determining reaction progress.

Key Concepts

-- Activation Energy (Ea)
The minimum energy needed for reactants to undergo a reaction and form products.
-- Rate Law
An equation that relates the rate of a reaction to the concentrations of reactants.
-- Catalyst
A substance that increases the rate of a reaction by lowering the activation energy without being consumed.
-- Collision Theory
A theory that states that molecules must collide to react, and only those collisions with sufficient energy and proper orientation lead to product formation.
-- HalfLife (t₁₋₂)
The time required for the concentration of a reactant to decrease to half its initial value.

Additional Learning Materials

Supplementary resources to enhance your learning experience.