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1.3 - Suggested Case Scenario

Interactive Audio Lesson

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Identifying Stakeholders

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Teacher
Teacher

Identifying stakeholders is crucial for understanding who will be impacted by the project. Can anyone tell me why that's important?

Student 1
Student 1

They can provide valuable input on requirements.

Teacher
Teacher

Exactly, and by identifying them early, we can ensure that their needs are addressed. Remember the acronym RACI—who is Responsible, Accountable, Consulted, and Informed. Can anyone break this down for me?

Student 2
Student 2

Responsible means the person doing the work, and accountable is the one who ensures the task is completed.

Student 3
Student 3

Consulted are the stakeholders we ask for advice, while informed are those we keep updated.

Teacher
Teacher

Great job! Now let's summarize: identifying stakeholders ensures the right voices are heard and captured in your analysis.

Writing User Stories

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Teacher
Teacher

Next, let's look at user stories. Who can tell me what INVEST stands for?

Student 4
Student 4

It stands for Independent, Negotiable, Valuable, Estimable, Small, and Testable.

Teacher
Teacher

Exactly! Each user story should meet these criteria. Can someone provide an example of a user story?

Student 1
Student 1

As a customer, I want to add items to my shopping cart so that I can purchase multiple products at once.

Teacher
Teacher

Perfect! That is indeed a good user story. It clearly states who, what, and why. Now, let’s wrap up this session with the importance of having testable stories.

Creating Wireframes

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Teacher
Teacher

Wireframes are visual representations of a system's layout. What do you think are the benefits of wireframing?

Student 2
Student 2

They help visualize the user interface before actual development.

Student 3
Student 3

And they facilitate easier feedback from stakeholders.

Teacher
Teacher

Exactly! Wireframes can help you discover UI issues early on. Remember, usability is key. Can anyone share a tool that can be used for wireframing?

Student 4
Student 4

Balsamiq is a great tool for low-fidelity wireframes.

Teacher
Teacher

Call to action: make sure to play around with some of these tools to visualize your ideas! Today we learned that effective wireframing can streamline development.

Developing Acceptance Criteria

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Teacher
Teacher

Let's talk about acceptance criteria. Why do you think they are vital for the project?

Student 1
Student 1

They define what 'done' means for a user story.

Student 2
Student 2

They help developers understand requirements and expectations clearly.

Teacher
Teacher

Absolutely! Using the Gherkin format is a popular choice for writing these criteria. Can anyone provide a 'Given-When-Then' example?

Student 3
Student 3

Given I am on the checkout page, when I click 'Place Order', then I should receive a confirmation email.

Teacher
Teacher

That’s an excellent example! Acceptance criteria serve not just as a checklist but as a guiding principle that ensures every stakeholder understands the requirements.

Presenting the Final Deliverable

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Teacher
Teacher

Finally, we’ll discuss how to present your project effectively. What do you think makes a presentation impactful?

Student 4
Student 4

Engagement with the audience is key.

Student 1
Student 1

Using visual aids like diagrams can help convey complex ideas.

Teacher
Teacher

Exactly! A well-structured 6–8 slide deck can help get your point across succinctly. Let’s summarize with our main goal for presentations: clarity and engagement!

Introduction & Overview

Read a summary of the section's main ideas. Choose from Basic, Medium, or Detailed.

Quick Overview

This section outlines a capstone project for a mini online grocery ordering system, detailing the phases and deliverables involved in a business analysis.

Standard

The section provides a structured approach to a mini-project based on creating an online grocery ordering system. It breaks down the project into distinct phases: requirement elicitation, documentation, system modeling, testing, and presentation, along with specific tasks and deliverables for each phase.

Detailed

Detailed Summary

This section presents a practical exercise for learning business analysis within the context of developing an Online Grocery Ordering System, referred to here as a Mini MVP (Minimum Viable Product). The project consists of several phases, each with specific tasks and deliverables aimed at guiding students through the complete life cycle of a Business Analyst assignment.

Phases & Deliverables Overview:

  • Phase 1: Elicit Requirements - Involves identifying stakeholders, conducting mock interviews, and creating stakeholder personas.
  • Phase 2: Document Requirements - Focuses on writing user stories using the INVEST criteria, defining acceptance criteria, categorizing requirements, and creating a Requirement Traceability Matrix (RTM).
  • Phase 3: Model the System - Entails drawing use case and activity diagrams and creating wireframes for user interfaces.
  • Phase 4: Test Planning (Optional) - Encourages writing test cases and mapping them against defined requirements.
  • Phase 5: Presentation & Review - Involves preparing a summarizing presentation to share insights and findings with peers or mentors.

The section emphasizes the importance of clarity, value, and structure in delivering a business analysis project, encouraging learners to adapt the case to different domains for practice.

Audio Book

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Project Overview

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🛒 Project: Online Grocery Ordering System (Mini MVP)
Problem Statement:
A local grocery chain wants to launch a simple web-based system where customers can view available products, add them to a cart, place an order, and schedule home delivery.

Detailed Explanation

This chunk outlines the main project, which is to create an Online Grocery Ordering System. The goal is to develop a web-based platform for a local grocery chain, enabling customers to browse products, select items, place orders, and arrange for home delivery. This system aims to simplify the shopping experience for customers by providing an easy-to-use interface.

Examples & Analogies

Think of this system as a digital version of your favorite grocery store. Imagine being able to sit at home, browse through the aisles, add items to your virtual cart, and have everything delivered to your door without needing to leave the house.

Phases & Deliverables Overview

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✅ Phase 1: Elicit Requirements
🎯 Tasks:
● Identify stakeholders (e.g., customers, store staff, delivery team, admin)
● Conduct 2–3 mock interviews or prepare stakeholder personas
● Create a stakeholder matrix (with RACI if possible)
📄 Deliverables:
● Stakeholder List & Roles
● Interview Notes / Persona Profiles
● Stakeholder Requirement Summary

Detailed Explanation

In this phase of the project, the business analyst focuses on gathering information necessary to define what the system needs to do. This involves identifying key stakeholders, such as customers who will use the system and staff involved in operations. Mock interviews are useful for understanding stakeholders' perspectives and concerns. A stakeholder matrix can help clarify each stakeholder's responsibilities.

The deliverables for this phase include a list of stakeholders and their roles, notes from interviews, and a summary of the requirements that emerge from stakeholder input.

Examples & Analogies

Imagine planning a family event, where you gather input from everyone involved: who wants what food, how many people are coming, etc. Just as you’d jot down everyone’s preferences to ensure the event satisfies all, a business analyst documents stakeholders' needs to ensure the system meets user demands.

Requirement Documentation

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✅ Phase 2: Document Requirements
🎯 Tasks:
● Write 5–8 user stories using INVEST format
● Define acceptance criteria using Gherkin (Given–When–Then)
● Categorize requirements: business, functional, non-functional
● Create a Requirement Traceability Matrix (RTM)
📄 Deliverables:
● User Stories Document
● Acceptance Criteria Sheet
● BRD or FRD (can be simplified)
● RTM in Excel or Table format

Detailed Explanation

In this phase, the goal is to formalize the requirements gathered in the previous phase. User stories, written in the INVEST format (Independent, Negotiable, Valuable, Estimable, Small, Testable), help capture specific functionalities from the user’s perspective. Acceptance criteria define what needs to be met for a feature to work properly. Categorizing requirements helps prioritize them effectively. Lastly, a Requirement Traceability Matrix (RTM) allows tracking of these requirements throughout the project lifecycle to ensure all are addressed.

Examples & Analogies

Think of user stories like recipes for a dish. Each recipe identifies what ingredients (features) are necessary, along with directions (acceptance criteria) to provide a finished meal (software). By organizing these, you ensure the final dish is perfect and meets everyone’s taste.

Modeling the System

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✅ Phase 3: Model the System
🎯 Tasks:
● Draw Use Case Diagram for order placement
● Draw Activity Diagram for customer flow (browse → checkout)
● Create Wireframes or Mockups (use Draw.io, Balsamiq, or Figma)
📄 Deliverables:
● Use Case Diagram
● Activity Diagram
● Low-fidelity Wireframes (for 2–3 key screens)

Detailed Explanation

Modeling the system involves creating visual aids to better understand how users will interact with the system and how different components will work together. A Use Case Diagram provides a high-level overview of the interactions between users and the system. An Activity Diagram details the step-by-step flow customers will follow, from browsing products to checkout. Wireframes serve as blueprints for key screens to visualize how the final product will look.

Examples & Analogies

Much like creating a map before a trip, these diagrams help visualize the journey of a customer using the grocery ordering system. They highlight all potential routes (choices) customers can take, ensuring that every path leads to a smooth checkout experience.

Testing Considerations

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✅ Phase 4: Test Planning (Optional)
🎯 Tasks:
● Write 3–5 test cases
● Map them to requirements in RTM
● Identify a sample defect (if any) from testing
📄 Deliverables:
● Test Case Table (ID, Steps, Expected Result)
● Defect Log (Optional, for extra challenge)

Detailed Explanation

The test planning phase is crucial to ensure that the system works as intended. Test cases describe specific scenarios to validate whether the functionalities meet the specified requirements. By mapping these test cases to the requirements in your RTM, you can see which aspects have been tested. Identifying defects helps improve the system before release.

Examples & Analogies

Consider this phase similar to a quality check in a factory. Before a product is shipped, it must run through several tests to ensure quality and functionality. Just like ensuring no item leaves damaged, test cases help confirm that software functions flawlessly for users.

Presentation Phase

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✅ Phase 5: Presentation & Review
🎯 Tasks:
● Create a summary presentation (6–8 slides max)
● Include business problem, solution scope, user stories, diagrams, and next steps
● Present your project to peers or mentor (live or recorded)
📄 Deliverables:
● Slide Deck (PDF or PPT)
● Optionally, record a 5-minute video walkthrough

Detailed Explanation

The final phase of the project involves summarizing and presenting the entire analysis process and outcomes. A clear presentation helps convey the business problem, the proposed solution, important user stories, visual diagrams created earlier, and planned next steps. This showcases the culmination of the workflow to peers or mentors for feedback and validation.

Examples & Analogies

Think of a concert where the performers present the whole show after many rehearsals. Similarly, presenting this project is like showcasing your hard work, explaining your solutions and insights to an audience who will appreciate the careful planning that went into it.

Evaluation Criteria

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📌 Evaluation Criteria (Optional if used for classroom/training)
Area Points
Requirement 2
Clarity 0
Documentation 2
Quality 0
Diagram 1
Accuracy 5
Practical 1
Feasibility 5
Presentation & Structure 5
Creativity & Detail 5

Detailed Explanation

Evaluation criteria provide a way to assess the project’s outputs and overall effectiveness. Each area, such as clarity, quality, and accuracy, carries points, helping evaluators measure how well the project is executed. This can guide improvement in future projects by highlighting strengths and areas needing more focus.

Examples & Analogies

Imagine being graded on an assignment in school. Each section of your work gets a score based on how clear, detailed, or creative your submission is. Just as grades reflect your understanding, these criteria reflect the strength and effectiveness of the project.

Bonus Challenge

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🧠 Bonus Challenge
Adapt the same case for a different domain, e.g.:
● Healthcare: Appointment Booking System
● Banking: Personal Loan Application Portal
● Education: Online Course Enrollment Flow

Detailed Explanation

The bonus challenge encourages students to think creatively and apply what they’ve learned to different industries. This task helps reinforce adaptability and understanding of business analysis by reimagining the grocery ordering system in various fields, demonstrating how fundamental requirements can be tailored to different scenarios.

Examples & Analogies

Just as a talented chef can use the same basic ingredients to make different dishes (like pasta, pizza, or bread), students can use the same analytical skills across various industries by adjusting their approach to meet the specific needs of each sector.

Definitions & Key Concepts

Learn essential terms and foundational ideas that form the basis of the topic.

Key Concepts

  • Stakeholder Identification: The process of recognizing individuals who have interests in or will be affected by the project.

  • User Stories: Brief descriptions of features written from the perspective of the end user, adhering to INVEST criteria.

  • Acceptance Criteria: Details that must be met for a user story to be accepted as completed.

  • Wireframes: Visual representations that outline the user interface design and layout.

  • Requirement Traceability Matrix (RTM): A document that tracks the project's requirements to ensure all are met.

Examples & Real-Life Applications

See how the concepts apply in real-world scenarios to understand their practical implications.

Examples

  • A user story could state: 'As a shopper, I want to view my order history to quickly reorder previous items.'

  • An acceptance criterion example could be: 'Given I am on the app, when I click on 'View Order', then I should see my past orders listed.'

Memory Aids

Use mnemonics, acronyms, or visual cues to help remember key information more easily.

🎵 Rhymes Time

  • Stakeholders in the queue, each one with a view; gather their insight, that’s what we do!

📖 Fascinating Stories

  • Imagine a grocery store worker named Charlie. When customers come to shop, he always asks them what they need. This way, he ensures he stocks the right groceries, just like identifying stakeholders ensures the project meets all needs.

🧠 Other Memory Gems

  • To remember INVEST: Imagine Navigating Valuable Extra Small Tasks.

🎯 Super Acronyms

Use 'USER' to remember User Stories — Understand, Specify, Execute, Review.

Flash Cards

Review key concepts with flashcards.

Glossary of Terms

Review the Definitions for terms.

  • Term: Stakeholder

    Definition:

    An individual or group that has an interest in or is affected by a project.

  • Term: User Story

    Definition:

    A short, simple description of a feature from the perspective of the end user.

  • Term: INVEST Criteria

    Definition:

    A set of guidelines for creating effective user stories: Independent, Negotiable, Valuable, Estimable, Small, and Testable.

  • Term: Acceptance Criteria

    Definition:

    Conditions that a product must satisfy to be accepted by a user or customer.

  • Term: Wireframes

    Definition:

    Schematic or blueprint of a user interface that shows layout and elements.

  • Term: Requirement Traceability Matrix

    Definition:

    A document that maps requirements to their origins and ensures that all requirements are addressed in the final deliverable.