Laying out drains
The Harappan cities, particularly Mohenjodaro, are notable for their highly sophisticated drainage systems, which were essential for urban planning and public health. Streets and roads in Mohenjodaro were constructed in an almost grid-like pattern that intersected at right angles, allowing for efficient waste disposal. It is evident that the layout of these streets was prioritized, as houses were built alongside them, emphasizing the importance of sanitation in urban living.
Each domestic dwelling had its own bathroom connected directly to the street drains, ensuring that wastewater flowed effectively away from living areas. Many homes included wells, and around 700 wells have been estimated in the region of Mohenjodaro. The drains themselves comprised large brick channels, often covered with loose bricks that could be removed for regular cleaning, reflecting a concern for hygiene and a systematic approach to sanitation.
Interestingly, while larger cities had extensive drainage systems, smaller settlements also exhibited similar features, pointing to a widespread practice of planning and maintaining sanitation infrastructure. Sites like Lothal showcased this with burnt brick drains connected to house drains.
Overall, the well-preserved urban infrastructure and meticulous attention to waste management of the Harappans at sites like Mohenjodaro exemplify their sophisticated approach towards city planning, which significantly contributed to their civilization's success.