Timeline of Harappan Archaeology
This section details the pivotal moments in the study of the Harappan Civilization, marking important excavations and findings from the 19th century through the early 21st century.
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19th Century: In 1875, Alexander Cunningham's report on a Harappan seal brought attention to the civilization. However, it wasn't until the 20th century that major excavations began.
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20th Century Developments: In 1921, Daya Ram Sahni initiated excavations at Harappa, followed by discoveries at Mohenjodaro starting in 1922. R.E.M. Wheeler continued excavations in the mid-20th century, laying foundational work for understanding the civilization.
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Later Excavations: Several archaeologists contributed to the timeline, including S.R. Rao at Lothal in 1955 and B.B. Lal at Kalibangan in 1960, among others. Such excavations provided crucial data about urban planning and craft production.
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Modern Era Studies: The timeline recently includes archaeogenetic research conducted in 2013, revealing insights into the genetic makeup of the Harappans and their continuity in present-day South Asians. This ongoing research helps us understand demographic and cultural continuity, supporting theories about the indigenous nature of Harappan society.
Together, these developments portray a narrative of discovery and analysis that continues to evolve, influencing current scholarship about the significance of the Harappan Civilization in human history.