1. Bricks, Beads and Bones
The Harappan civilization, also known as the Indus Valley Civilization, thrived from 6000 BCE to 1300 BCE, characterized by urban planning and craftsmanship evidenced by archaeological finds. Although aspects of their writing and certain rituals remain undeciphered or unclear, we learn a great deal about their social structure, subsistence strategies, and trade from recovered artifacts. The decline of this civilization, marked by a shift to rural lifestyles, highlights the complexities of ancient societal changes.
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What we have learnt
- The Harappan civilization is also termed as the Indus Valley Civilization.
- The civilization spanned from 6000 BCE to 1300 BCE, with phases of Early, Mature, and Late Harappan.
- Urban planning is exemplified through advanced drainage systems and standardization in brick sizes across settlements.
- Agriculture and craft specialization were crucial to the economy.
- Social differences were identified through burial practices and material ownership.
- The civilization traded with regions as far as Mesopotamia, indicating expansive commerce.
Key Concepts
- -- Harappan Civilization
- An ancient civilization located in the northwestern regions of South Asia, known for advanced urban planning, trade, and undeciphered script.
- -- Mohenjodaro
- One of the most prominent sites of the Harappan civilization, characterized by its sophisticated urban infrastructure.
- -- Urban Planning
- The organized design and layout of Harappan cities, featuring advanced drainage systems and standardized brick sizes.
- -- Subsistence Strategies
- Diverse methods of obtaining food, including agriculture, animal husbandry, and fishing that supported the population.
- -- Trade
- Economic exchange between the Harappans and other regions, particularly evidenced by goods found in archaeological sites.
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