1. Bricks, Beads and Bones - CBSE 12 History - 1
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1. Bricks, Beads and Bones

1. Bricks, Beads and Bones

The Harappan civilization, also known as the Indus Valley Civilization, thrived from 6000 BCE to 1300 BCE, characterized by urban planning and craftsmanship evidenced by archaeological finds. Although aspects of their writing and certain rituals remain undeciphered or unclear, we learn a great deal about their social structure, subsistence strategies, and trade from recovered artifacts. The decline of this civilization, marked by a shift to rural lifestyles, highlights the complexities of ancient societal changes.

33 sections

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Sections

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  1. 1
    Bricks, Beads And Bones

    This section provides an overview of the Harappan Civilisation, emphasizing...

  2. 1.1
    Terminologies, Places And Time

    This section outlines key terminologies, places, and the chronological...

  3. 1.2

    This section introduces the Harappan civilization, highlighting the...

  4. 1.3
    Subsistence Strategies

    This section explores the subsistence strategies of the Harappan...

  5. 1.3.1
    Agricultural Technologies

    This section discusses the agricultural practices and technologies used in...

  6. 1.4
    Mohanjodaro A Planned Urban Centre

    Mohanjo-daro exemplifies the advanced urban planning of the Harappan...

  7. 1.4.1
    Laying Out Drains

    This section discusses the sophisticated drainage system of Harappan cities,...

  8. 1.4.2
    Domestic Architecture

    The section discusses the domestic architecture of the Harappan...

  9. 1.4.3

    The Citadel at Mohenjodaro features significant structures like the Great...

  10. 1.5
    Tracking Social Differences

    The section explores how archaeologists identify social and economic...

  11. 1.5.1

    Burials in the Harappan civilization reveal potential social and economic...

  12. 1.5.2
    Looking For 'luxuries'

    The section explores how archaeologists use artefacts, classified as...

  13. 1.6
    Finding Out About Craft Production

    This section explores the Harappan civilization's craft production,...

  14. 1.6.1
    Identifying Centres Of Production

    This section discusses how archaeologists identify centres of craft...

  15. 1.7
    Strategies For Procuring Materials

    This section explores the various methods the Harappans used to procure...

  16. 1.7.1
    Materials From The Subcontinent And Beyond

    This section explores how the Harappans procured raw materials for craft...

  17. 1.7.2
    Contact With Distant Lands

    The section details the archaeological evidence of trade and contact between...

  18. 1.8
    Seals, Script, Weights Symbols

    This section explores the use of seals, scripts, and weights in the Harappan...

  19. 1.8.1
    Seals And Sealings

    Seals and sealings in Harappan civilization were crucial for long-distance...

  20. 1.8.2
    An Enigmatic Script

    The Harappan script remains undeciphered, featuring approximately 375 to 400...

  21. 1.8.3

    This section discusses the Harappan weights used in trade, highlighting...

  22. 1.9
    Ancient Authority

    The section discusses the evidence of organized authority and social...

  23. 1.9.1
    Palaces And Kings

    This section explores the evidence of political organization in Harappan...

  24. 1.10
    The End Of The Civilisation

    The section discusses the decline of the Harappan civilisation, marking the...

  25. 1.11
    Discovering The Harappan Civilisation

    This section discusses the discovery and understanding of the Harappan...

  26. 1.11.1
    Cunningham’s Confusion

    The section discusses Alexander Cunningham’s early archaeological efforts in...

  27. 1.11.2
    A New Old Civilisation

    This section discusses the discovery and significance of the Harappan...

  28. 1.11.3
    New Techniques And Questions

    This section discusses the evolution of archaeological techniques in...

  29. 1.12
    Problems Of Piecing Together The Past

    This section discusses the challenges and methods archaeologists face in...

  30. 1.12.1
    Classifying Finds

    The section discusses the classification of archaeological finds based on...

  31. 1.12.2
    Problems Of Interpretation

    The section explores the challenges in interpreting the archaeological...

  32. 1.13

    The section outlines significant periods and milestones in early Indian...

  33. 1.14

    Timeline 2 summarizes the major developments in Harappan archaeology from...

What we have learnt

  • The Harappan civilization is also termed as the Indus Valley Civilization.
  • The civilization spanned from 6000 BCE to 1300 BCE, with phases of Early, Mature, and Late Harappan.
  • Urban planning is exemplified through advanced drainage systems and standardization in brick sizes across settlements.
  • Agriculture and craft specialization were crucial to the economy.
  • Social differences were identified through burial practices and material ownership.
  • The civilization traded with regions as far as Mesopotamia, indicating expansive commerce.

Key Concepts

-- Harappan Civilization
An ancient civilization located in the northwestern regions of South Asia, known for advanced urban planning, trade, and undeciphered script.
-- Mohenjodaro
One of the most prominent sites of the Harappan civilization, characterized by its sophisticated urban infrastructure.
-- Urban Planning
The organized design and layout of Harappan cities, featuring advanced drainage systems and standardized brick sizes.
-- Subsistence Strategies
Diverse methods of obtaining food, including agriculture, animal husbandry, and fishing that supported the population.
-- Trade
Economic exchange between the Harappans and other regions, particularly evidenced by goods found in archaeological sites.

Additional Learning Materials

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