Strategies for Procuring Materials
In this section, we examine how the Harappan civilization effectively sourced various materials for their extensive craft production. Their strategies were multifaceted, beginning with the establishment of settlements such as Nageshwar and Balakot, where they could easily access locally available resources like shells. The Shortughai site in Afghanistan is notably recognized for its proximity to lapis lazuli, a highly valued stone in Harappan crafts. Furthermore, sites like Lothal were strategically positioned near sources of carnelian and steatite, illustrating the Harappans' proactive approach in establishing trade routes, including overland, riverine, and coastal routes, to facilitate the transportation of goods.
Materials from Beyond
To expand their resource base, the Harappans likely organized expeditions into regions like Khetri for copper and southern India for gold. Evidence of Harappan artifacts found in these areas intensifies our understanding of their trade relationships and the extensive network they had with local communities, which contributed to their economic stability.
Long-distance Trade
Recent archaeological findings also imply the significance of long-distance trade interactions, such as the import of copper from Oman, backed by chemical analyses showing a shared composition between Harappan artifacts and those found in Oman, suggesting continued exchange systems. The importation of goods, facilitated by maritime routes, highlights the Harappan civilization's advanced trading strategies. This interconnectedness not only enriched their material culture but also exemplified their role in a broader regional economic network.