1.3. Atomic Structure of Semiconductors

Try these first

1. 1.

   What are the valence electrons of Silicon and Germanium?

   Hint

   Think about the group of elements these semiconductors belong to.

2. 2.

   At what temperature do pure semiconductors behave like insulators?

   Hint

   Consider the lowest possible temperature.

3. 3.

   How many valence electrons do Silicon and Germanium have?

   • 2
   • 4
   • 8

   Hint

   Think about the periodic table group these elements belong to.

4. 4.

   At 0 K, semiconductors behave like which of the following?

   • True
   • False

   Hint

   Consider what happens at extremely low temperatures.

5. 5.

   Calculate how an increase in temperature from 0 K to a higher temperature affects the conductivity of a semiconductor. Given that the intrinsic carrier concentration (ni) typically doubles from a known point, explain the impact on conductivity.

   Hint

   Consider how the relationship between temperature and carrier concentration plays a crucial role in conductivity.

6. 6.

   Discuss how the addition of impurities to Silicon could influence its conductivity compared to pure Silicon at room temperature.

   Hint

   Think about how controlling the electrons changes the electronic properties of the semiconductor.