4. Introduction to Barometers
The chapter discusses the principles of barometers and manometers, focusing on the measurement of atmospheric and gauge pressure. It explains the concepts of pressure variation in different forms of fluids and introduces the derivation of equations governing these measurements. Additionally, it highlights real-world applications of these devices in fluid mechanics and the significance of using denser fluids.
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Sections
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What we have learnt
- Barometers measure atmospheric pressure, while manometers measure pressure relative to the atmosphere and pressure differences.
- The equation of state for gases is PV = nRT, which serves as a fundamental basis for understanding gas pressure behavior.
- Understanding pressure variations is critical for accurately gauging pressures in fluid mechanics.
Key Concepts
- -- Barometer
- A device that measures atmospheric pressure, typically using a column of mercury or another liquid.
- -- Manometer
- A device used to measure the pressure of a liquid or gas relative to the pressure of the atmosphere.
- -- Gauge Pressure
- The pressure of a fluid measured relative to atmospheric pressure; described as the difference between absolute pressure and atmospheric pressure.
- -- Isothermal Process
- A process in which the temperature remains constant, particularly pertinent to the behavior of ideal gases.
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