51. Drainage of Irrigated Lands – Necessity, Methods
Drainage of irrigated lands is essential for sustainable agriculture and water management, addressing issues like waterlogging, soil salinity, and crop yield reduction. Effective drainage systems are necessary to protect soil health, civil structures, and enhance agricultural productivity. Various drainage methods and factors influencing their design are explored to ensure long-term effectiveness and minimal environmental impact.
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What we have learnt
- Drainage prevents waterlogging, which can stunt plant growth and cause crop failure.
- Proper drainage controls soil salinity and alkalinity, enhancing agricultural productivity.
- Various drainage methods exist, including surface and subsurface systems, each suited to different soil and environmental conditions.
Key Concepts
- -- Waterlogging
- Condition where excess irrigation water saturates the soil, reducing oxygen availability to plant roots.
- -- Salinization
- The accumulation of salts in the soil, often exacerbated by inadequate drainage in arid areas.
- -- Surface Drainage Systems
- Systems designed to remove excess water from the land surface through methods like ditches and land grading.
- -- Subsurface Drainage Systems
- Drainage systems, often using perforated pipes, that remove water from below the soil surface.
- -- Drainage Water Disposal Methods
- Techniques for safely disposing of drained water, such as discharging into natural water bodies or evaporation ponds.
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