45. Canal Systems
Canal systems are crucial for water management, irrigation, and hydroelectric power generation. The chapter covers various classifications of canals based on water source, function, construction, and command area, alongside principles of canal alignment and types of canal losses. Additionally, it elaborates on estimating design discharge and channel design, focusing on both rigid and alluvial channels.
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What we have learnt
- Canals are classified based on water source, function, lining, and command area.
- Proper canal alignment is essential for efficient operation, considering factors such as topography and soil conditions.
- Different types of canal losses include seepage, evaporation, absorption, and transpiration losses that impact water availability.
Key Concepts
- -- Canal Classification
- Canals can be classified into perennial and non-perennial based on water source, and into irrigation, navigation, power, and feeder canals based on function.
- -- Canal Alignment
- The proper alignment of canals involves strategic placement based on topography, soil conditions, and required irrigation coverage.
- -- Canal Losses
- Losses in canal systems include seepage, evaporation, absorption, transpiration, and operational losses, significantly affecting the amount of water reaching the desired outlet.
- -- Design Discharge
- The design discharge refers to the maximum flow rate a canal is designed to carry, which is crucial for effective irrigation and water management.
- -- Manning's Formula
- A formula used to calculate the velocity of water flow in rigid boundary channels, given by V = (1/n) R^(2/3) S^(1/2), where n is Manning’s roughness coefficient.
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