Hydrology & Water Resources Engineering - Vol 3 | 37. Water Requirement of Crops – Crops and Crop Seasons in India by Abraham | Learn Smarter
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37. Water Requirement of Crops – Crops and Crop Seasons in India

Water is a crucial resource for agricultural production, especially in a country like India where it plays a significant role in irrigation and crop planning. Understanding crop water requirements, seasonal cropping patterns, and methods for estimating irrigation needs is essential for sustainable agricultural practices. This knowledge helps in optimizing water use efficiency and improving crop yield.

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Sections

  • 37

    Water Requirement Of Crops – Crops And Crop Seasons In India

    This section discusses the water requirements of various crops in India, emphasizing the significance of water management in agriculture.

    Learning Practice

  • 37.1

    Crop Water Requirement (Wr)

    Crop Water Requirement (WR) refers to the total water needed by crops throughout their growth period, influenced by various climatic, crop, soil, and agronomic factors.

    Learning Practice

  • 37.2

    Components Of Water Requirement

    This section outlines the essential components that constitute the water requirement for crops, crucial for effective agricultural management.

    Learning Practice

  • 37.3

    Evapotranspiration (Et)

    Evapotranspiration (ET) encompasses the total water loss from evaporation and transpiration, influencing agricultural water management.

    Learning Practice

  • 37.4

    Methods For Estimating Water Requirement

    This section outlines the primary methods used for estimating the water requirements of crops, specifically focusing on the Blaney-Criddle, Penman-Monteith, and FAO Modified Penman methods.

    Learning Practice

  • 37.5

    Duty, Delta, And Base Period

    This section introduces the concepts of duty, delta, and base period, which are essential for understanding irrigation requirements in agriculture.

    Learning Practice

  • 37.6

    Irrigation Requirement (Ir)

    Irrigation Requirement (IR) is the total quantity of water that needs to be supplied through irrigation to meet the Crop Water Requirement (WR).

    Learning Practice

  • 37.7

    Effective Rainfall (Er)

    Effective Rainfall (ER) represents the portion of rainfall that is beneficial for crops, excluding losses due to runoff and deep percolation.

    Learning Practice

  • 37.8

    Cropping Seasons In India

    India experiences three main cropping seasons: Kharif, Rabi, and Zaid, each characterized by specific crops and climatic conditions.

    Learning Practice

  • 37.9

    Classification Of Crops Based On Water Needs

    This section classifies crops based on their water requirements, highlighting specific examples of crops that fall into high, moderate, and low water needs categories.

    Learning Practice

  • 37.10

    Crop Coefficient (Kc)

    The crop coefficient (Kc) is a dimensionless factor that quantifies the relationship between a specific crop's evapotranspiration and reference evapotranspiration.

    Learning Practice

  • 37.11

    Root Zone Depth And Soil Moisture Depletion

    Different crops have varying root zone depths, and water should be applied when soil moisture depletion reaches the allowable limit to prevent stress.

    Learning Practice

  • 37.12

    Cropping Pattern And Water Allocation

    This section discusses cropping patterns, emphasizing the yearly sequence and spatial arrangement of crops and the crucial aspects of water allocation.

    Learning Practice

  • 37.13

    Command Area Development (Cad) And Crop Planning

    This section emphasizes the importance of aligning irrigation supply with crop requirements and planning to enhance water-use efficiency in agriculture.

    Learning Practice

  • 37.14

    Water Use Efficiency (Wue)

    Water Use Efficiency (WUE) indicates how effectively water is utilized for crop yield.

    Learning Practice

  • 37.15

    Special Case: Paddy Fields

    Paddy fields require specific irrigation practices due to the unique water requirements of rice plants.

    Learning Practice

  • 37.16

    Modern Techniques To Reduce Water Requirement

    This section explores innovative methods to decrease water usage in agriculture, crucial for enhancing water efficiency.

    Learning Practice

References

Chapter_37_Water.pdf

Class Notes

Memorization

What we have learnt

  • Water requirement for crops...
  • Different crops have varyin...
  • Modern techniques and prope...

Final Test

Revision Tests