1. Periodic Properties and Variations of Properties – Physical and Chemical
The chapter discusses the organization and periodic properties of elements as represented in the Periodic Table. Key concepts include periodic law, variations in atomic radii, ionization energy, electron affinity, metallic and non-metallic character, and the significance of these trends. Understanding these properties allows for predictions about the behavior of elements and their interactions in chemical processes.
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What we have learnt
- The Periodic Table organizes elements by increasing atomic number and groups elements with similar properties.
- Trends in properties such as atomic radius, ionization energy, and electron affinity vary systematically across periods and groups.
- Metallic character increases down groups while decreasing across periods, and the periodic properties help in understanding elements' reactivity.
Key Concepts
- -- Periodic Table
- An arrangement of elements based on their atomic number, where elements with similar chemical properties are placed in vertical columns.
- -- Atomic Radius
- The distance from the nucleus of an atom to its outermost electron, which varies across periods and groups.
- -- Ionization Energy
- The energy required to remove one electron from an atom in its gaseous state, which shows increasing trends across periods.
- -- Electron Affinity
- The energy change that occurs when an atom gains an electron, typically increasing across a period.
- -- Metallic Character
- The tendency of an element to lose electrons and form positive ions, which increases down a group and decreases across a period.
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