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The chapter discusses the organization and periodic properties of elements as represented in the Periodic Table. Key concepts include periodic law, variations in atomic radii, ionization energy, electron affinity, metallic and non-metallic character, and the significance of these trends. Understanding these properties allows for predictions about the behavior of elements and their interactions in chemical processes.
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Term: Periodic Table
Definition: An arrangement of elements based on their atomic number, where elements with similar chemical properties are placed in vertical columns.
Term: Atomic Radius
Definition: The distance from the nucleus of an atom to its outermost electron, which varies across periods and groups.
Term: Ionization Energy
Definition: The energy required to remove one electron from an atom in its gaseous state, which shows increasing trends across periods.
Term: Electron Affinity
Definition: The energy change that occurs when an atom gains an electron, typically increasing across a period.
Term: Metallic Character
Definition: The tendency of an element to lose electrons and form positive ions, which increases down a group and decreases across a period.