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2. Chemical Bonding

Chemical bonding refers to the force that holds atoms together in a compound, primarily aiming to achieve stability through a full outer shell of electrons. Various types of bonds are discussed, including ionic and covalent bonds, each having distinct characteristics and formation processes. The chapter outlines important concepts such as Lewis dot structures, the octet rule, and the significance of bonds in determining the properties of compounds and their behavior in chemical reactions.

Sections

  • 2

    Chemical Bonding

    Chemical bonding refers to the forces that hold atoms together to form compounds, crucial for achieving atomic stability.

    Learning Practice

  • 2.1

    Introduction To Chemical Bonding

    Chemical bonding refers to the attraction forces that hold atoms together in compounds, primarily driven by the desire to achieve electron stability.

    Learning Practice

  • 2.2

    Types Of Chemical Bonds

    This section introduces the two main types of chemical bonds: ionic and covalent bonding.

    Learning Practice

  • 2.2.1

    Ionic Bonding (Electrovalent Bonding)

    Ionic bonding involves the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, forming cations and anions that are held together by electrostatic attraction.

    Learning Practice

  • 2.2.2

    Covalent Bonding

    Covalent bonding involves the sharing of electrons between non-metal atoms, forming stable molecules.

    Learning Practice

  • 2.3

    Lewis Dot Structures

    Lewis Dot Structures visually represent atoms and their valence electrons using dots, illustrating the formation of ionic and covalent bonds.

    Learning Practice

  • 2.4

    Octet Rule

    The octet rule states that atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to achieve a full outer shell of eight electrons, leading to stability.

    Learning Practice

  • 2.5

    Characteristics Of Ionic Compounds

    Ionic compounds are characterized by high melting and boiling points, solubility in water, conductivity in molten or aqueous states, and a crystalline solid structure.

    Learning Practice

  • 2.6

    Characteristics Of Covalent Compounds

    This section describes the properties of covalent compounds, which differ significantly from those of ionic compounds.

    Learning Practice

  • 2.7

    Polar And Non-Polar Covalent Bonds

    This section discusses polar and non-polar covalent bonds, explaining the difference in electron sharing and the implications of electronegativity differences.

    Learning Practice

  • 2.8

    Coordinate (Dative Covalent) Bonding

    Coordinate (dative covalent) bonding involves the sharing of an electron pair between two atoms where both electrons come from the same atom.

    Learning Practice

  • 2.9

    Hydrogen Bonding (Brief Introduction)

    Hydrogen bonding is a special type of dipole-dipole attraction that occurs when hydrogen is bonded to highly electronegative atoms like nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine, significantly influencing physical properties such as boiling points.

    Learning Practice

  • 2.10

    Importance Of Chemical Bonding

    Chemical bonding is crucial for understanding the formation, properties, and reactions of compounds.

    Learning Practice

References

c2.pdf

Class Notes

Memorization

What we have learnt

  • Chemical bonding is crucial...
  • Ionic and covalent bonds ar...
  • Lewis dot structures help i...

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