9. Organic Chemistry
Organic chemistry focuses on carbon compounds, particularly those containing C–H bonds. Key concepts include the classification of hydrocarbons, the significance of functional groups, and IUPAC nomenclature rules for organic compounds. The chapter also covers combustion reactions and isomerism, highlighting the diversity and complexity in organic molecules.
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What we have learnt
- Organic chemistry deals primarily with carbon and its compounds.
- Hydrocarbons can be classified as saturated or unsaturated based on their bonding.
- Functional groups play a crucial role in determining the chemical properties of organic molecules.
- Understanding isomerism is essential for grasping the variations in organic compounds.
Key Concepts
- -- Hydrocarbons
- Compounds consisting solely of hydrogen and carbon, classified into saturated (alkanes) and unsaturated (alkenes, alkynes) categories.
- -- Functional Group
- A specific group of atoms within a molecule that determines its chemical properties.
- -- Homologous Series
- A series of organic compounds with the same functional group and similar chemical properties, differing by a -CH2- unit.
- -- Nomenclature
- The system of naming chemical compounds using IUPAC rules to ensure clarity and standardization.
- -- Isomerism
- The phenomenon where compounds with the same molecular formula have different structural formulas.
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