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9. Organic Chemistry

Organic chemistry focuses on carbon compounds, particularly those containing C–H bonds. Key concepts include the classification of hydrocarbons, the significance of functional groups, and IUPAC nomenclature rules for organic compounds. The chapter also covers combustion reactions and isomerism, highlighting the diversity and complexity in organic molecules.

Sections

  • 9

    Organic Chemistry

    Organic chemistry focuses on the study of carbon-containing compounds, their structure, properties, and reactions.

    Learning Practice

  • 9.1

    Introduction To Organic Chemistry

    Organic chemistry focuses on carbon-based compounds, particularly those with C–H bonds.

    Learning Practice

  • 9.2

    Hydrocarbons

    Hydrocarbons are organic compounds composed solely of hydrogen and carbon, categorized into saturated and unsaturated forms.

    Learning Practice

  • 9.2(a)

    Types Of Hydrocarbons

    This section introduces hydrocarbons, their classifications into saturated and unsaturated types, and provides examples of each.

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  • 9.2(a).1

    Saturated Hydrocarbons (Alkanes)

    Saturated hydrocarbons, or alkanes, are organic compounds consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms, connected exclusively by single bonds, with a general formula of CnH2n+2.

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  • 9.2(a).2

    Unsaturated Hydrocarbons

    Unsaturated hydrocarbons are organic compounds that contain one or more double or triple bonds between carbon atoms.

    Learning Practice

  • 9.3

    Functional Groups

    Functional groups are specific groups of atoms that give organic compounds their characteristic chemical properties.

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  • 9.4

    Homologous Series

    A homologous series consists of a group of organic compounds that share the same functional group and have similar chemical properties, with each member differing by a -CH₂- unit.

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  • 9.5

    Nomenclature Of Organic Compounds

    This section covers the IUPAC naming rules for organic compounds, focusing on identifying the longest carbon chain, numbering for functional groups, and naming conventions.

    Learning Practice

  • 9.6

    Important Organic Compounds

    This section introduces key organic compounds, focusing on methane, ethene, and ethyne, detailing their properties and formation.

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  • 9.6(a)

    Methane (Ch₄)

    Methane is the simplest alkane, primarily sourced from marsh gas and used in various chemical processes.

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  • 9.6(b)

    Ethene (C₂h₄)

    Ethene, or C₂H₄, is the simplest alkene formed through the dehydration of ethanol, designated as the first member of the alkene series.

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  • 9.6(c)

    Ethyne (C₂h₂)

    Ethyne (C₂H₂) is the first member of the alkynes and can be produced by the reaction of water with calcium carbide.

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  • 9.7

    Combustion And Oxidation

    This section discusses combustion reactions of organic compounds and the process of controlled oxidation, highlighting their roles in organic chemistry.

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  • 9.8

    Isomerism

    Isomerism involves compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in their structural arrangement.

    Learning Practice

References

c9.pdf

Class Notes

Memorization

What we have learnt

  • Organic chemistry deals pri...
  • Hydrocarbons can be classif...
  • Functional groups play a cr...

Final Test

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