Chapter 2: Solutions

Sections

Navigate through the learning materials and practice exercises.

1. 2

   Solutions

   Learn Practice

   This section covers the fundamentals of solutions, including types,...

2. 2.1

   Introduction

   Learn Practice

   This section introduces solutions as homogeneous mixtures and outlines the...

3. 2.2

   Types Of Solutions

   Learn Practice

   This section discusses the various types of solutions based on physical...

4. 2.2.1

   Physical State Of Solute And Solvent

   Learn Practice

   This section explores the classification of solutions based on the physical...

5. 2.2.2

   Based On Amount Of Solute

   Learn Practice

   This section discusses different types of solutions based on the amount of...

6. 2.3

   Concentration Of Solutions

   Learn Practice

   This section discusses the various methods of expressing the concentration...

7. 2.3.1

   Mass Percentage (W/w)

   Learn Practice

   Mass percentage (w/w) is a way to express the concentration of a solution,...

8. 2.3.2

   Volume Percentage (V/v)

   Learn Practice

   Volume percentage (v/v) is a measure of concentration that expresses the...

9. 2.3.3

   Mass By Volume Percentage

   Learn Practice

   The mass by volume percentage expresses the concentration of a solute in a...

10. 2.3.4

    Molarity (M)

    Learn Practice

    Molarity is a measure of concentration defined as the number of moles of...

11. 2.3.5

    Molality (M)

    Learn Practice

    Molality is a measurement of concentration that denotes the number of moles...

12. 2.3.6

    Mole Fraction (X)

    Learn Practice

    Mole fraction is a key term for expressing the concentration of components...

13. 2.3.7

    Normality (N)

    Learn Practice

    Normality is defined as the number of gram equivalents of solute per liter...

14. 2.4

    Solubility

    Learn Practice

    Solubility defines the maximum amount of a solute that can dissolve in a...

15. 2.4.1

    Factors Affecting Solubility

    Learn Practice

    The solubility of substances is influenced by the nature of the solute and...

16. 2.5

    Henry’s Law

    Learn Practice

    Henry's Law states that the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly...

17. 2.6

    Vapour Pressure Of Liquid Solutions

    Learn Practice

    This section discusses the vapour pressure of liquid solutions, focusing on...

18. 2.6.1

    Raoult’s Law (For Ideal Solutions)

    Learn Practice

    Raoult's Law states that the partial vapor pressure of a component in an...

19. 2.6.2

    Ideal Solution

    Learn Practice

    This section discusses ideal solutions, their characteristics, and...

20. 2.6.3

    Non-Ideal Solution

    Learn Practice

    Non-ideal solutions deviate from Raoult’s Law, displaying different...

21. 2.7

    Colligative Properties

    Learn Practice

    Colligative properties are properties that depend solely on the number of...

22. 2.7.1

    Relative Lowering Of Vapour Pressure

    Learn Practice

    The relative lowering of vapour pressure is a colligative property,...

23. 2.7.2

    Elevation In Boiling Point

    Learn Practice

    Elevation in boiling point is a colligative property that reflects how...

24. 2.7.3

    Depression In Freezing Point

    Learn Practice

    Depression in freezing point is a colligative property that describes how...

25. 2.7.4

    Osmotic Pressure (Π)

    Learn Practice

    Osmotic pressure (π) is a colligative property that measures the tendency of...

26. 2.8

    Abnormal Molar Mass And Van’t Hoff Factor (I)

    Learn Practice

    The section discusses how the van’t Hoff factor (i) explains deviations in...

27. 2.9

    Summary

    Learn Practice

    This section summarizes the key concepts of solutions including types,...