12. ATOMS
The chapter discusses the historical development of atomic models, starting from Thomson's 'plum pudding' model to Rutherford's nuclear model and then to Bohr's quantum model. It outlines the structure and behavior of atoms, detailing the arrangement of electron orbits and the significance of electromagnetic radiation emitted by atoms. The chapter concludes by exploring the limitations of classical models and the need for quantum mechanics in explaining atomic behavior.
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What we have learnt
- Atoms are electrically neutral and contain equal amounts of positive and negative charges.
- Rutherford's model places most of the mass and positive charge in a tiny nucleus, with electrons revolving around it.
- Bohr's model introduces quantisation in electron orbits and explains atomic spectra with specific energy levels.
Key Concepts
- -- Atom
- The basic unit of matter, consisting of a nucleus surrounded by electrons.
- -- Nuclear Model
- Rutherford's model which suggests that an atom has a dense nucleus containing protons and neutrons, with electrons in orbits around it.
- -- Quantum Mechanics
- A branch of physics that deals with the behavior of matter and light on atomic and subatomic scales.
- -- Bohr's Model
- A model of the atom that incorporates quantised electron orbits, where electrons do not radiate energy while in certain stable orbits.
Additional Learning Materials
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