9. RAY OPTICS AND OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS
Ray optics focuses on the study of light propagation through reflections and refractions, utilizing models of ideal lenses and mirrors to understand image formation. The chapter delves into various phenomena related to light, addressing laws of reflection and refraction, critical angles, and the operation of optical devices like microscopes and telescopes. Essential formulas such as the mirror equation and lens maker's formula are introduced to quantify these optical phenomena.
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What we have learnt
- Light travels in straight lines and can be described using ray diagrams.
- Reflection and refraction are governed by specific laws, including Snell's law.
- Optical instruments like microscopes and telescopes magnify images and can be analyzed using mathematical formulas.
Key Concepts
- -- Reflection
- The bouncing back of light rays when they hit a reflective surface.
- -- Refraction
- The bending of light as it passes from one medium to another with a different refractive index.
- -- Mirror Equation
- A formula that relates the object distance, image distance, and focal length of mirrors.
- -- Total Internal Reflection
- The complete reflection of light within a medium when the angle of incidence exceeds the critical angle.
- -- Angular Magnification
- The ratio of the angle subtended by the image at the eye to the angle subtended by the object at the eye.
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