CBSE 12 Physics Part 2 | 9. RAY OPTICS AND OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS by Pavan | Learn Smarter
Students

Academic Programs

AI-powered learning for grades 8-12, aligned with major curricula

Professional

Professional Courses

Industry-relevant training in Business, Technology, and Design

Games

Interactive Games

Fun games to boost memory, math, typing, and English skills

9. RAY OPTICS AND OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS

9. RAY OPTICS AND OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS

Ray optics focuses on the study of light propagation through reflections and refractions, utilizing models of ideal lenses and mirrors to understand image formation. The chapter delves into various phenomena related to light, addressing laws of reflection and refraction, critical angles, and the operation of optical devices like microscopes and telescopes. Essential formulas such as the mirror equation and lens maker's formula are introduced to quantify these optical phenomena.

20 sections

Enroll to start learning

You've not yet enrolled in this course. Please enroll for free to listen to audio lessons, classroom podcasts and take practice test.

Sections

Navigate through the learning materials and practice exercises.

  1. 9
    Ray Optics And Optical Instruments

    This section discusses the principles of ray optics, focusing on reflection,...

  2. 9.1
    Introduction

    This section introduces the fundamental concepts of light, its behavior, and...

  3. 9.2
    Reflection Of Light By Spherical Mirrors

    This section covers the laws of reflection as they apply to spherical...

  4. 9.2.1
    Sign Convention

    The sign convention section outlines how to measure distances in optics...

  5. 9.2.2
    Focal Length Of Spherical Mirrors

    The focal length of spherical mirrors is a crucial property that determines...

  6. 9.2.3
    The Mirror Equation

    This section discusses the mirror equation, relating object distance, image...

  7. 9.3

    Refraction describes how light changes direction when it passes from one...

  8. 9.4
    Total Internal Reflection

    Total internal reflection occurs when light travels from a denser medium to...

  9. 9.4.1
    Total Internal Reflection In Nature And Its Technological Applications

    This section discusses total internal reflection, its principles, and...

  10. 9.5
    Refraction At Spherical Surfaces And By Lenses

    This section discusses the principles of refraction at spherical surfaces...

  11. 9.5.1
    Refraction At A Spherical Surface

    This section discusses the phenomenon of refraction at spherical surfaces...

  12. 9.5.2
    Refraction By A Lens

    This section explores the principles of refraction by lenses, including the...

  13. 9.5.3
    Power Of A Lens

    The power of a lens indicates its capacity to converge or diverge light,...

  14. 9.5.4
    Combination Of Thin Lenses In Contact

    This section discusses how multiple thin lenses placed in contact with each...

  15. 9.6
    Refraction Through A Prism

    This section covers the principles of light refraction through a prism and...

  16. 9.7
    Optical Instruments

    This section covers the working principles and applications of various...

  17. 9.7.1
    The Microscope

    This section discusses the principles and functioning of microscopes,...

  18. 9.7.2

    This section discusses the principles and working of telescopes, focusing on...

  19. 9.8

    The section summarizes key concepts of ray optics, including reflection,...

  20. 9.9

    This section comprises exercises designed to apply the concepts of ray...

What we have learnt

  • Light travels in straight lines and can be described using ray diagrams.
  • Reflection and refraction are governed by specific laws, including Snell's law.
  • Optical instruments like microscopes and telescopes magnify images and can be analyzed using mathematical formulas.

Key Concepts

-- Reflection
The bouncing back of light rays when they hit a reflective surface.
-- Refraction
The bending of light as it passes from one medium to another with a different refractive index.
-- Mirror Equation
A formula that relates the object distance, image distance, and focal length of mirrors.
-- Total Internal Reflection
The complete reflection of light within a medium when the angle of incidence exceeds the critical angle.
-- Angular Magnification
The ratio of the angle subtended by the image at the eye to the angle subtended by the object at the eye.

Additional Learning Materials

Supplementary resources to enhance your learning experience.