CBSE 12 Physics Part 2 | 11. DUAL NATURE OF RADIATION AND MATTER by Pavan | Learn Smarter
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11. DUAL NATURE OF RADIATION AND MATTER

The dual nature of radiation and matter is explored through the interactions between electromagnetic energy and electrons. The chapter discusses the emergence of the photoelectric effect, established by Hertz and further examined by Hallwachs and Lenard, leading to Einstein's theoretical formulation. Additionally, it delves into the implications of wave-particle duality, as exemplified by de Broglie's hypothesis on matter waves.

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Sections

  • 11

    Dual Nature Of Radiation And Matter

    This section discusses the dual nature of radiation and matter, highlighting concepts like the photoelectric effect and the de Broglie hypothesis.

    Learning Practice

  • 11.1

    Introduction

    The introduction outlines the discoveries leading to the wave-particle duality of light and matter, focusing on the experimental findings of key physicists in the late 19th century.

    Learning Practice

  • 11.2

    Electron Emission

    Electron emission refers to the processes through which electrons are emitted from metals, requiring a minimum energy known as the work function.

    Learning Practice

  • 11.3

    Photoelectric Effect

    The photoelectric effect describes how electrons are emitted from a metal when exposed to light of suitable frequency, evidencing the particle nature of light.

    Learning

  • 11.3.1

    Hertz’s Observations

    Heinrich Hertz's experiments discovered that light could facilitate the emission of electrons from a metal surface, laying the groundwork for the photoelectric effect.

    Learning Practice

  • 11.3.2

    Hallwachs’ And Lenard’s Observations

    Hallwachs and Lenard conducted experiments that detailed the photoelectric effect, illustrating how ultraviolet radiation causes electrons to be emitted from metals.

    Learning Practice

  • 11.4

    Experimental Study Of Photoelectric Effect

    This section explores the experimental study of the photoelectric effect, detailing how light causes electron emission from a metal surface.

    Learning Practice

  • 11.4.1

    Effect Of Intensity Of Light On Photocurrent

    The effect of light intensity on photocurrent demonstrates a linear relationship between the two variables, indicating that the number of emitted photoelectrons is proportional to the intensity of incident light.

    Learning Practice

  • 11.4.2

    Effect Of Potential On Photoelectric Current

    This section discusses how varying the potential of the collector plate affects the photoelectric current in the photoelectric effect experiment.

    Learning Practice

  • 11.4.3

    Effect Of Frequency Of Incident Radiation On Stopping Potential

    This section discusses how the frequency of incident radiation affects the stopping potential in the photoelectric effect.

    Learning Practice

  • 11.5

    Photoelectric Effect And Wave Theory Of Light

    This section discusses the limitations of the wave theory of light in explaining the photoelectric effect and introduces Einstein's photon theory.

    Learning Practice

  • 11.6

    Einstein’s Photoelectric Equation: Energy Quantum Of Radiation

    Einstein's photoelectric equation describes how light interacts with matter, proposing that light consists of quanta (photons) and explaining the photoelectric effect.

    Learning Practice

  • 11.7

    Particle Nature Of Light: The Photon

    The section discusses the photon as a fundamental particle of light, highlighting its dual nature and the evidence supporting this concept.

    Learning Practice

  • 11.8

    Wave Nature Of Matter

    The wave nature of matter is proposed through de Broglie's hypothesis, suggesting that particles exhibit wave-like properties.

    Learning Practice

  • 11.9

    Summary

    This section summarizes key aspects of the photoelectric effect, work function, and the dual nature of light and matter, illustrating their foundational roles in physics.

    Learning Practice

References

NCERT Study Material

Class Notes

Memorization

What we have learnt

  • The work function determine...
  • Photoelectric effect occurs...
  • Radiation demonstrates dual...

Final Test

Revision Tests