Example 1 (9.1) - Chapter 3 : Quadrilaterals - CBSE Class 9 Maths
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Example 1

Example 1

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Interactive Audio Lesson

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Definition of Quadrilaterals

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Teacher
Teacher Instructor

Good morning, class! Today, we’re going to learn about quadrilaterals. Who can tell me what a quadrilateral is?

Student 1
Student 1

It's a shape with four sides!

Teacher
Teacher Instructor

Exactly! And why is it called 'quadrilateral'?

Student 2
Student 2

Because 'quadri' means four and 'latus' means sides in Latin!

Teacher
Teacher Instructor

Very good! Remember that the sum of the interior angles of a quadrilateral is 360 degrees. Can anyone tell me why?

Student 3
Student 3

Maybe because you can divide it into two triangles, and each triangle has 180 degrees?

Teacher
Teacher Instructor

Exactly, that's a great observation! Let’s summarize this: quadrilaterals have four sides, and their angles sum up to 360 degrees.

Types of Quadrilaterals

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Teacher
Teacher Instructor

Now let’s dive into the different types of quadrilaterals. Can anyone name a type of quadrilateral?

Student 4
Student 4

A rectangle!

Teacher
Teacher Instructor

Great! What are some properties of rectangles?

Student 1
Student 1

All angles are 90 degrees, and the diagonals are equal!

Teacher
Teacher Instructor

Correct! How about a square? What makes it special?

Student 2
Student 2

All sides are equal, and all angles are 90 degrees too.

Teacher
Teacher Instructor

Good job! Remember, squares are essentially rectangles but with all sides equal. Now what about a parallelogram?

Student 3
Student 3

Opposite sides are equal and parallel!

Teacher
Teacher Instructor

Spot on! Let’s summarize these types for our notes.

Properties of Parallelograms

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Teacher
Teacher Instructor

Now we’re going to explore parallelograms. What are their key properties?

Student 4
Student 4

Opposite sides are equal, and opposite angles are equal!

Teacher
Teacher Instructor

Right! And what happens with the diagonals?

Student 1
Student 1

They bisect each other!

Teacher
Teacher Instructor

Correct! That’s why we can use diagonals to divide a parallelogram into two triangles. Can anyone tell me how to determine if a quadrilateral is a parallelogram?

Student 2
Student 2

If one pair of opposite sides is both equal and parallel!

Teacher
Teacher Instructor

Exactly! Let’s recap these properties on the board.

Formulas for Area

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Teacher
Teacher Instructor

Now, let's discuss how to calculate the area of these quadrilaterals. Starting with a rectangle, what’s the formula?

Student 3
Student 3

Area equals length times breadth!

Teacher
Teacher Instructor

Great! Now, what about a square?

Student 4
Student 4

Area equals side squared!

Teacher
Teacher Instructor

Exactly! For a parallelogram, it’s similar, right?

Student 1
Student 1

Yes, it's base times height!

Teacher
Teacher Instructor

Good! Lastly, what’s the formula for a trapezium?

Student 2
Student 2

It’s half times the sum of the parallel sides times the height!

Teacher
Teacher Instructor

Well done! Let's summarize these important area formulas.

Introduction & Overview

Read summaries of the section's main ideas at different levels of detail.

Quick Overview

This section introduces the properties and types of quadrilaterals, highlighting key concepts and formulas.

Standard

In this section, students learn that quadrilaterals have four sides and their angles sum up to 360Β°. Different types of quadrilaterals such as parallelograms, rectangles, squares, rhombuses, trapeziums, and kites are described along with their properties and formulas for calculating areas.

Detailed

Detailed Summary

In this section, quadrilaterals are defined as polygons featuring four sides, vertices, and angles, with their name stemming from Latin roots meaning 'four sides'. Notable examples include squares, rectangles, parallelograms, trapeziums, rhombuses, and kites. Key properties of different quadrilaterals are detailed:

  • Parallelograms boast equal and parallel opposite sides, equal opposite angles, and bisecting diagonals.
  • Rectangles have equal opposite sides and right angles (90Β°) with equal diagonals that bisect each other.
  • Squares share properties with rectangles but with all sides equal.
  • Rhombuses maintain equal side lengths, bisect angles, and have diagonals that intersect at right angles but are not necessarily equal.
  • Trapeziums have one pair of parallel sides, while kites feature two pairs of adjacent equal sides.

The section discusses the angle sum property, confirming that the internal angles of any quadrilateral total 360Β°. Various theorems regarding parallelograms justify their properties. The mid-point theorem illustrates that a line segment joining mid-points of two sides of a triangle is parallel to the third side and half its length.

Examples showcase the application of these properties in problem-solving, emphasizing areas of different quadrilaterals through relevant formulas. The education culminates with exercises to reinforce the concepts learned.

Audio Book

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Finding the Fourth Angle of a Quadrilateral

Chapter 1 of 2

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Chapter Content

Find the fourth angle of a quadrilateral if the other three are 90Β°, 85Β°, and 95Β°.

Detailed Explanation

To find the fourth angle of a quadrilateral, we use the fact that the sum of all interior angles in any quadrilateral is always 360Β°. Given the measures of the three angles are 90Β°, 85Β°, and 95Β°, we first add these three angles together: 90 + 85 + 95 = 270Β°. Then we subtract this sum from 360Β°: 360 - 270 = 90Β°. Therefore, the fourth angle measures 90Β°.

Examples & Analogies

Imagine a square table where each corner represents an angle. If three corners are filled with a 90Β° angle, an 85Β° angle, and a 95Β° angle, you can visualize that the last corner must balance everything out to complete the shape. Therefore, just like closing a box needs the last side, the last angle of the table needs to measure 90Β° to ensure all angles add up to 360Β°.

Understanding Quadrilateral Angles

Chapter 2 of 2

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Chapter Content

Sum = 360Β°, So fourth angle = 360 - (90 + 85 + 95) = 90Β°.

Detailed Explanation

This statement summarizes the calculation for finding the fourth angle using the angle sum property of quadrilaterals. By confirming that the total degrees in a quadrilateral is 360Β°, we match this with the sum of the known angles. After computing the total of the first three angles (270Β°), we subtract that from 360Β°. This final calculation gives us the measure of the fourth angle, which completes our quadrilateral.

Examples & Analogies

Think of a puzzle where each piece represents an angle of the quadrilateral. You must place the final piece correctly so that all the angles fit together to make a complete picture. Each piece must contribute to the overall 360Β°, just like the angles of the quadrilateral need to add up to that full measure.

Key Concepts

  • Quadrilateral: A four-sided polygon with an angle sum of 360Β°.

  • Types of Quadrilaterals: Includes parallelogram, rectangle, square, rhombus, trapezium, and kite.

  • Properties: Quadrilaterals possess specific properties that define each type.

  • Angle Sum Property: The sum of the angles in a quadrilateral is always 360Β°.

  • Area Formulas: Each quadrilateral type has a unique formula for calculating area.

Examples & Applications

If three angles of a quadrilateral are 90Β°, 85Β°, and 95Β°, find the fourth angle: 360 - (90 + 85 + 95) = 90Β°.

In a parallelogram with one angle as 70Β°, the other angles are 110Β° since opposite angles are equal.

Memory Aids

Interactive tools to help you remember key concepts

🎡

Rhymes

Four sides, four points, what's it called? A quadrilateral's right here, standing tall!

πŸ“–

Stories

Imagine a party where every shape has a unique dance. The square dances the 'Equal Angle', while the rectangle glides smoothly on 'Long and Short' songs.

🧠

Memory Tools

Remember 'RPSK' to recall types: Rectangle, Parallelogram, Square, Kohl (Kite).

🎯

Acronyms

Q-P-R-S-K

Q

stands for Quadrilaterals

P

for Parallelogram

R

for Rectangle

S

for Square

K

for Kite.

Flash Cards

Glossary

Quadrilateral

A polygon with four sides, four vertices, and four angles.

Parallelogram

A quadrilateral with opposite sides that are parallel and equal in length.

Rhombus

A quadrilateral with all sides equal and opposite angles equal.

Trapezium

A quadrilateral with at least one pair of parallel sides.

Kite

A quadrilateral with two pairs of adjacent sides that are equal.

Reference links

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