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The chapter provides an in-depth exploration of evolution, detailing the origin of life and the evolutionary processes that have shaped biodiversity on Earth. It examines theories of natural selection proposed by Darwin and others, evidence supporting evolution from fossils and embryology, and the mechanisms driving evolutionary change. The narrative weaves together the scientific findings that elucidate the gradual emergence of life forms, ultimately culminating in the evolution of modern humans.
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Term: Natural Selection
Definition: The process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.
Term: Adaptive Radiation
Definition: The diversification of a group of organisms into forms filling different ecological niches.
Term: Panspermia
Definition: The hypothesis that life exists throughout the universe and is distributed by meteoroids, asteroids, comets, planetoids, and spacecraft.
Term: Homology
Definition: Similarities between organisms due to shared ancestry, evidenced through comparable anatomical structures.
Term: HardyWeinberg Principle
Definition: A principle that describes and predicts genetic variation in a population that is not evolving.