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7. HUMAN HEALTH AND DISEASE

Health encompasses not only the absence of disease but also the broad spectrum of physical, mental, and social well-being. Infectious diseases such as typhoid, pneumonia, malaria, and AIDS present significant threats to human populations. The chapter discusses the role of the immune system in disease prevention, the implications of drug and alcohol abuse, and the ongoing need for public health measures and education to promote healthier lifestyles and disease prevention strategies.

Sections

  • 7

    Human Health And Disease

    This section discusses the importance of biology in understanding human health and disease, covering topics such as common diseases, immunity, AIDS, cancer, and substance abuse.

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  • 7.1

    Common Diseases In Humans

    This section discusses common diseases in humans, their causes, symptoms, and preventive measures.

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  • 7.2

    Immunity

    Immunity is the body's ability to resist infections through innate and acquired mechanisms.

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  • 7.2.1

    Innate Immunity

    Innate immunity is the body's first line of defense against pathogens, consisting of physical, physiological, cellular, and cytokine barriers.

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  • 7.2.2

    Acquired Immunity

    Acquired immunity is a specific defense mechanism of the body characterized by memory, allowing a stronger response upon re-encounter with the same pathogen.

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  • 7.2.3

    Active And Passive Immunity

    This section discusses active and passive immunity, differentiating their mechanisms and implications for protection against diseases.

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  • 7.2.4

    Vaccination And Immunisation

    Vaccination is a crucial public health measure that creates an acquired immunity against infectious diseases through the introduction of antigens.

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  • 7.2.5

    Allergies

    Allergies are exaggerated immune responses to specific environmental antigens known as allergens, resulting in various symptoms like sneezing and difficulty in breathing.

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  • 7.2.6

    Auto Immunity

    Autoimmunity occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own cells, leading to autoimmune diseases.

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  • 7.2.7

    Immune System In The Body

    The human immune system safeguards the body by identifying and eliminating foreign antigens, with lymphoid organs playing a crucial role in the production and maturation of immune cells.

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  • 7.3

    Aids

    AIDS, caused by the HIV virus, leads to severe immune deficiency, making individuals susceptible to various infections.

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  • 7.4

    Cancer

    Cancer is a major health concern characterized by uncontrolled cell growth and is driven by various factors including genetic mutations and environmental influences.

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  • 7.5

    Drugs And Alcohol Abuse

    This section discusses the rising issue of drug and alcohol abuse among youth, highlighting its causes, consequences, and prevention strategies.

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  • 7.5.1

    Adolescence And Drug/alcohol Abuse

    This section explores the challenges of adolescence, particularly focusing on the vulnerability of teenagers to drug and alcohol abuse due to curiosity, peer pressure, and stress.

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  • 7.5.2

    Addiction And Dependence

    The section discusses the addictive nature of drugs and alcohol, explaining how repeated use can lead to addiction and dependence, along with their effects on individuals and society.

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  • 7.5.3

    Effects Of Drug/alcohol Abuse

    Drug and alcohol abuse has significant immediate and long-term effects on individuals and society, particularly among adolescents.

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  • 7.5.4

    Prevention And Control

    Prevention and control of drug and alcohol abuse are essential, especially among adolescents, requiring a combination of education, support, and proactive measures.

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References

NCERT Study Material

Class Notes

Memorization

What we have learnt

  • Health is a state of comple...
  • Infectious diseases can be ...
  • The immune system plays a c...

Final Test

Revision Tests

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