CBSE Grade-12 Biology | 1. SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN FLOWERING PLANTS by Pavan | Learn Smarter
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1. SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN FLOWERING PLANTS

Sexual reproduction in flowering plants is characterized by the production of male and female gametes within structures such as pollen grains and ovules, leading to fertilization and seed development. This process involves unique phenomena like double fertilization, where one sperm fertilizes the egg while another fuses with polar nuclei, forming the endosperm. Key stages include microsporogenesis, megasporogenesis, and subsequent embryo development, underscoring the intricate relationship between structure and function in floral reproduction.

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Sections

  • 1

    Sexual Reproduction In Flowering Plants

    This section explores the process of sexual reproduction in flowering plants, including the significance of flowers, inflorescence structures, and the processes involved in fertilization.

    Learning Practice

  • 1.1

    Flower – A Fascinating Organ Of Angiosperms

    This section explores the morphology and importance of flowers in the sexual reproduction of angiosperms, highlighting their aesthetic and biological significance.

    Learning Practice

  • 1.2

    Pre-Fertilisation: Structures And Events

    This section covers the structures and events leading up to fertilisation in flowering plants, detailing the reproductive organs and processes involved.

    Learning Practice

  • 1.2.1

    Stamen, Microsporangium And Pollen Grain

    The section discusses the structure of the stamen, including the microsporangium and formation of pollen grains.

    Learning Practice

  • 1.2.2

    The Pistil, Megasporangium (Ovule) And Embryo Sac

    This section discusses the structure and function of the pistil, megasporangium (ovule), and the development of the embryo sac in flowering plants.

    Learning Practice

  • 1.2.3

    Pollination

    Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains to the stigma, critical for fertilization in flowering plants.

    Learning Practice

  • 1.3

    Double Fertilisation

    Double fertilisation is a unique process in flowering plants where two male gametes fuse with different female nuclei, forming both the zygote and the primary endosperm.

    Learning Practice

  • 1.4

    Post-Fertilisation: Structures And Events

    This section explains the events following fertilisation in flowering plants, including endosperm and embryo development, seed formation, and the significance of these processes.

    Learning Practice

  • 1.4.1

    Endosperm

    The endosperm is vital for the nutrition of developing embryos in flowering plants, involving the processes of its development and variations in its characteristics.

    Learning Practice

  • 1.4.2

    Embryo

    The embryo develops post-fertilization in flowering plants, progressing through various stages with crucial nutrition from endosperm.

    Learning Practice

  • 1.4.3

    Seed

    This section discusses the structure and significance of seeds in angiosperms, detailing their development and differences between albuminous and non-albuminous types.

    Learning Practice

  • 1.5

    Apomixis And Polyembryony

    Apomixis is the process of seed formation without fertilization, while polyembryony involves the development of multiple embryos from a single seed.

    Learning Practice

  • 1.6

    Summary

    This section covers the structure and function of flowers in angiosperms, detailing the male and female reproductive organs, processes of pollination, fertilization, and seed development.

    Learning Practice

  • 1.7

    Exercises

    This section contains exercises that test understanding of sexual reproduction in flowering plants.

    Learning Practice

References

NCERT Study Material

Class Notes

Memorization

What we have learnt

  • Flowers are the reproductiv...
  • Pollination mechanisms can ...
  • Unique to angiosperms, doub...

Final Test

Revision Tests