CBSE Grade-12 Biology | 1. SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN FLOWERING PLANTS by Pavan | Learn Smarter
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1. SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN FLOWERING PLANTS

1. SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN FLOWERING PLANTS

Sexual reproduction in flowering plants is characterized by the production of male and female gametes within structures such as pollen grains and ovules, leading to fertilization and seed development. This process involves unique phenomena like double fertilization, where one sperm fertilizes the egg while another fuses with polar nuclei, forming the endosperm. Key stages include microsporogenesis, megasporogenesis, and subsequent embryo development, underscoring the intricate relationship between structure and function in floral reproduction.

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Sections

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  1. 1
    Sexual Reproduction In Flowering Plants

    This section explores the process of sexual reproduction in flowering...

  2. 1.1
    Flower – A Fascinating Organ Of Angiosperms

    This section explores the morphology and importance of flowers in the sexual...

  3. 1.2
    Pre-Fertilisation: Structures And Events

    This section covers the structures and events leading up to fertilisation in...

  4. 1.2.1
    Stamen, Microsporangium And Pollen Grain

    The section discusses the structure of the stamen, including the...

  5. 1.2.2
    The Pistil, Megasporangium (Ovule) And Embryo Sac

    This section discusses the structure and function of the pistil,...

  6. 1.2.3

    Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains to the stigma, critical for...

  7. 1.3
    Double Fertilisation

    Double fertilisation is a unique process in flowering plants where two male...

  8. 1.4
    Post-Fertilisation: Structures And Events

    This section explains the events following fertilisation in flowering...

  9. 1.4.1

    The endosperm is vital for the nutrition of developing embryos in flowering...

  10. 1.4.2

    The embryo develops post-fertilization in flowering plants, progressing...

  11. 1.4.3

    This section discusses the structure and significance of seeds in...

  12. 1.5
    Apomixis And Polyembryony

    Apomixis is the process of seed formation without fertilization, while...

  13. 1.6

    This section covers the structure and function of flowers in angiosperms,...

  14. 1.7

    This section contains exercises that test understanding of sexual...

What we have learnt

  • Flowers are the reproductive structures in angiosperms containing male (androecium) and female (gynoecium) reproductive parts.
  • Pollination mechanisms can be abiotic (wind, water) or biotic (insects, animals), facilitating the transfer of pollen to stigma.
  • Unique to angiosperms, double fertilization leads to the formation of both a zygote and triploid endosperm.

Key Concepts

-- Double Fertilization
A unique process in flowering plants where one sperm fertilizes the egg to form a zygote, while another sperm fuses with two polar nuclei to form the triploid endosperm.
-- Microsporogenesis
The process of formation of microspores from microspore mother cells through meiosis, resulting in pollen grains.
-- Apomixis
A form of asexual reproduction in flowering plants where seeds are produced without fertilization, allowing for the development of seeds without a genetic contribution from male gametes.
-- Pollination
The transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma, which is essential for fertilization to occur.
-- Endosperm
A tissue produced within the seeds of flowering plants that provides nutrition to the developing embryo.

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