Civil Engineering Materials, Testing & Evaluation - Vol 1 | 2. Cement by Abraham | Learn Smarter
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2. Cement

2. Cement

Concrete is a widely used construction material whose properties are significantly influenced by its ingredients: cement, aggregates, water, and optional admixtures. Each ingredient plays an essential role in determining the performance of concrete, including its strength, durability, and workability. A thorough understanding of these ingredients and their respective properties is crucial for civil engineers to design high-quality concrete that meets specific application requirements.

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  1. 1

    Cement is the essential binding material in concrete that plays a crucial...

  2. 1.1
    Chemical Composition Of Cement

    This section details the chemical composition of cement, emphasizing the...

  3. 1.2
    Heat Of Hydration

    The heat of hydration refers to the heat released during the exothermic...

  4. 1.3
    Structure Of Hydrated Cement

    This section discusses the hydration products of cement, focusing on their...

  5. 1.4
    Physical Tests On Cement

    This section discusses essential physical tests conducted on cement to...

  6. 2

    Aggregates play a vital role in concrete's properties, acting as the bulk...

  7. 2.1
    Classification Of Aggregates

    This section discusses the classification of aggregates, which are vital...

  8. 2.2
    Properties Of Aggregates

    This section discusses the key properties of aggregates and their...

  9. 2.3
    Grading Of Aggregates

    Grading of aggregates is crucial for achieving minimum voids, maximum...

  10. 2.4
    Methods Of Combining Aggregates

    This section discusses various methods for combining aggregates to achieve...

  11. 2.5
    Testing Of Aggregates

    This section covers the testing methods used to evaluate aggregates, which...

  12. 3

    Water is a crucial ingredient in concrete that initiates the hydration...

  13. 3.1
    Requirements Of Mixing Water

    Mixing water is crucial in concrete formation, and it must be of suitable...

  14. 3.2
    Functions Of Water

    Water is essential in concrete technology as it hydrates cement, provides...

  15. 3.3
    Water-Cement Ratio (W/c Ratio)

    The water-cement ratio is a critical determinant of concrete's strength,...

  16. 4

    Admixtures are supplemental materials added to concrete to modify its...

  17. 4.1
    Types Of Admixtures

    This section discusses various types of admixtures used in concrete to...

  18. 4.2
    Common Admixture Materials

    This section discusses the common admixture materials used in concrete and...

  19. 4.3
    Compatibility With Cement

    This section examines the compatibility of various admixtures with cement,...

  20. 4.4
    Selection Of Admixtures – Practical Considerations

    The section discusses the importance of selecting appropriate admixtures for...

  21. 4.5
    Effects Of Admixtures On Fresh And Hardened Concrete Properties

    Admixtures significantly affect both the fresh and hardened properties of...

  22. 4.6
    Advances In Chemical Admixtures

    This section discusses the latest developments in chemical admixtures used...

  23. 4.7
    Mineral Admixtures (Supplementary Cementitious Materials - Scms)

    This section discusses mineral admixtures, also known as supplementary...

  24. 4.8
    Environmental Considerations And Sustainable Concrete

    This section discusses the environmental impact of concrete production,...

  25. 4.9
    Tests On Concrete Ingredients As Per Indian Standards

    This section outlines the tests conducted on various concrete ingredients...

  26. 4.10
    Storage And Handling Of Ingredients

    Proper storage and handling of concrete ingredients are essential to...

What we have learnt

  • Concrete consists of four primary ingredients: cement, aggregates, water, and admixtures.
  • The properties of concrete are affected by the quality and interaction of its ingredients.
  • Understanding the chemical composition and physical properties of these ingredients is vital for ensuring the performance of concrete.

Key Concepts

-- Cement
The binding material in concrete that, upon hydration, ensures the cohesion of other ingredients.
-- Aggregates
Materials like sand and gravel that make up 70-80% of concrete volume and influence its workability and strength.
-- WaterCement Ratio
A crucial factor determining concrete's strength and durability, typically ranging from 0.4 to 0.6 by weight.
-- Admixtures
Substances added in small quantities to concrete to alter specific properties, such as workability and setting time.

Additional Learning Materials

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